Williams has also made some most interesting studies in regard to the increase of cancer in connection with changed conditions of life, and from his analysis of statistics, he very clearly shows that the spread of the disease has closely followed urbanization, and the rapid increase in material prosperity of recent years: in England where 80 per cent. of the population are now town dwellers, this tendency to collect in cities and towns has gone farther than in any other community. He recognizes that any far-reaching, environmental change of some duration is probably potent in disturbing the stability of the constituents of living bodies, and the sudden change from poverty to riches and plenty is conducive to the development of cancer: allusion has already been made to the inverse relation of deaths from cancer and tuberculosis, the latter diminishing with improved material conditions, while the former increases as wealth and indolence increase. He shows this by statistics from various localities, and by data from towns in different countries he makes it pretty clear that “Cancer mortality is lowest where the conditions of life are hardest, the surroundings the most squalid, the density of population greatest, where the tubercle mortality is highest, the general and infantile mortality greatest, and where sanitation is least perfect—in short, among the poor of the industrial class in our great towns: whereas among the wealthy and well-to-do, where the standard of health is at its best and life is easiest, and where all the conditions of life are just the reverse of the foregoing, there the cancer mortality is highest.” While this is a pretty strong statement and many exceptions could undoubtedly be found, careful investigation will show it to be true in the main; for it must be remembered that even among the poorer classes gluttony, especially in regard to proteids, is not at all uncommon, and indolence, with impeded metabolism, is not at all unusual. Dr. Latham found that the mortality from cancer in England, from 1881‒1890, was more than twice as great among well-to-do men having no specific occupation, as among occupied males in general, the respective mortality ratios being 96 for the former and only 44 for the latter. Sir William Banks confirms the steady increase in cancer very strongly, which he attributes to richer and more abundant food, of which males eat more than females, and consequently cancer is increasing proportionately more among men, as all statistics show. Switzerland is reported to have the highest death rate from cancer of any country, it having augmented from 114 per 100,000 living in 1889, to 132 in 1898. There again the cancer mortality varies greatly in the different sections or cantons: thus, in wealthy Lucerne it is 204 per 100,000 living, and only 36 in poverty stricken Valais. In the city of Geneva it is 177 per 100,000 living.