Canyon de Chelly: The Story of Its Ruins and PeopleBradley, Zorro A.
History
Canyon de Chelly: The Story of Its Ruins and People
Bradley, Zorro A.
Canyon de Chelly National Monument (Ariz.); Navajo Indians; Pueblo Indians -- Antiquities
In testimony to the traditions which endure in some human societies, a
cache of bird feathers, undoubtedly saved to make a costume for such a
ritual, was found in Big Cave in Canyon del Muerto. A carefully worked
cylinder of wood was filled with packets of brightly colored feathers
and bird skins. There were dozens of blue-green skins from mallard
ducks, and even parrot feathers that must have come from Mexico. Skins
of a red bird, still not identified, and bundles of hawk and eagle down
were also found in the cylinder.
[Illustration: The Anasazi
Few regions in North America have such spectacular archeological
sites as the Four Corners area of the Southwest. This semiarid high
plateau country, drained by the San Juan River, saw the development
and later the disappearance of an Indian culture that archeologists
call the Anasazi.
During the Great Pueblo period, the Anasazi developed three
important regional centers: Chaco Canyon, Mesa Verde, and the
Kayenta country. Their influence extended deep into the territories
of neighboring Indian groups, who followed different agricultural
traditions. By A.D. 1100, all three had become heavily populated,
and the Anasazi were building their largest towns and fabled cliff
dwellings.
The fertile Chaco valley attracted aboriginals early in the 10th
century. They first built on such sites as Pueblo Bonito, which
expanded to a village of over 800 rooms. Their pueblos on the valley
floor near the cliffs tended to be D-shaped, with central courts
closed by walls often as high as four stories.
A hundred miles to the north, on the steep-cliffed fingers of rock
of southwest Colorado, the Mesa Verdians built pithouses, pueblos,
and about 300 cliff dwellings, the largest of which is Cliff Palace.
The decline of the Anasazi culture from its Great Pueblo period
coincided with a concentration of population at Chaco, Mesa Verde,
and Kayenta that made the people particularly dependent on a
year-round flow of water. Long years of drought from 1270 to 1300
dried up the rivers and caused an exodus from the San Juan River
region.
First the Chaco residents dispersed southwestward to join their
cousins in the Little Colorado River area. Then the Mesa Verdians
moved to the northern Rio Grande Valley of New Mexico. Finally, the
Kayenta people, the last holdouts, gave up and joined the population
in what is now the Hopi country.]
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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