Cardinal de RichelieuPrice, Eleanor C. (Eleanor Catherine)
History
Cardinal de Richelieu
Price, Eleanor C. (Eleanor Catherine)
France -- History -- Louis XIII, 1610-1643; Richelieu, Armand Jean du Plessis, duc de, 1585-1642
He tells Madame de Bourges, of whose kind and active interest he seems
very sure, that he has bought the velvet bed belonging to his aunt,
Madame de Marconnay. He has also come into possession of a stately bed
with hangings of silk and gold, which belonged to his great-uncle,
“deffunct M. de Luçon.” This style is out of fashion, apparently,
for he asks advice and help as to arranging the episcopal bed with
Bergamesque tapestry. A little later, he concludes that even a beggar
like himself must entertain his neighbours with a noble air, so that
the country may esteem him “un grand monsieur.” He will therefore be
obliged to Madame de Bourges if she will let him know the cost of two
dozen silver plates “de belle grandeur.” He hopes to get them for five
hundred crowns, but seems pretty sure that his kind friend will make up
any deficiency: “I know that for the sake of a hundred crowns you would
not let me have anything mean.”
In return for all these services the Bishop was expected to interest
himself in finding a husband for Madame de Bourges’ daughter
Magdeleine. The task was not easy: he assures his correspondent that
there is not a gentleman in the country possessing either money or
goods. “Nous sommes tous gueux en ce pays, et moi le premier,” he says
with a light-hearted air.
From the first he was very fortunate in his servants, several of whom
came to him at this time and stayed with him all his life. One of
these was his _maître d’hôtel_, a young man named La Brosse, who had
been in the service of the late Duc de Montpensier. La Brosse ordered
everything in the household, knew how the Bishop’s guests should be
entertained, and troubled him with nothing but accounts. This was well,
for the work of the diocese, once undertaken, was enough to occupy both
thought and time.
The destitution of the flock was twofold--bodily and spiritual.
Richelieu’s first care was to get his poor people relieved of some of
the heavy burden of taxes which weighed them down. Under the system
of those days, France was divided into _pays d’états_ and _pays
d’élection_. The _pays d’états_--chiefly provinces which had been
originally independent of the crown of France--were taxed by their
own representative Estates, sitting at the principal town. The _pays
d’élection_ were assessed by crown officials, who farmed out the taxes
to local companies; and among the provinces thus farmed was that of
Poitou.
The system meant local greed, dishonesty and oppression; the small
townspeople of such a place as Luçon and the country-folk of its
poverty-stricken neighbourhood had no redress from the tax-gatherers
of Poitiers. The worst burden of all was the direct tax known as _la
taille_. A man paid this on all his possessions in money and kind, and
it always amounted to a quarter of his property, sometimes to a great
deal more. The clergy and nobles were exempt from _la taille_, which
crushed the poor peasants and the smaller people to the earth.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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