Carriages & Coaches: Their History & Their EvolutionStraus, Ralph
History
Carriages & Coaches: Their History & Their Evolution
Straus, Ralph
Carriages and carts
“All persons working Shod-wheel’d Carts, Waggons, Drays, &c.
of all Breadths, are desired to meet at the Sun Tavern in St.
Paul’s Churchyard, on Friday next, at four o’clock in the
Afternoon. Enquire for No. 1.”
And more pamphlets appeared, but the roads failed to improve.
Then in 1770 another Act was passed giving privileges to the
roller-carts which were denied to the ordinary waggons. “All
carriages,” it ordered, “moving upon rollers the breadth of fifteen
inches, are allowed to be drawn with any number of horses, or other
cattle.” And, as a further inducement, such carts were to be toll-free
for a year. Mr. Sharpe, of Leadenhall Street, prospered, and wrote
to the papers to say so. The rollers, he maintained, were light and
strong, and there was considerably less friction when they were used.
And he challenged the world to disprove his statement. Whereupon an
anonymous writer belonging to the rival faction—possibly Joseph Jacob,
a coachbuilder who had already written against the system—entered the
field, and ventured to suggest that cast iron was exceedingly brittle
and not very light. Mr. Sharpe speedily replied. “The principle,” he
said, and his point is of interest, “upon which rolling carriages are
adopted is simply this, That, by the use of them the roads may be made
smooth and hard, and by that means, _become part of the mechanism_: for
thus the rollers are made to answer all the purposes of light wheels.”
The anonymous writer appears to have felt the point of this argument,
and was forced to retort, quite unworthily, that in any case Mr.
Sharpe’s rollers were not his own ideas. “No,” replied Sharpe, “they
were Mr. Daniel Bourn’s idea—a very sensible man and good mechanic,
and who was also the first contriver of nine-inch broad wheels, who so
long as ten or eleven years ago built a waggon on rollers at Leominster
where he then lived, and brought it to the Society of Arts and Sciences
in the Strand, by whom upon trial it was rejected.” The anonymous
writer left it at that, but the controversy raged fiercely. It became
so highly technical and apparently so interminable that somebody
suggested we should all use flying machines and leave the wretched
roads to look after themselves.
We may leave the war of the wheels here. The roller-carts were
discarded soon afterwards, and M’Adam and his successors rendered for
ever such wars unnecessary. But it must not be wholly neglected, and is
a tiny chapter by itself in the history of locomotion.
We come to the curiosities.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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