that arch-joker, Theodore Hook, was accustomed to drive in, which at this time was “simply an open railed chair, fixed on the shafts, and supported on two side springs, the harder ends of which were connected to the loop irons by leathern braces—to give more freedom to the motion.” Small alterations in the gig, such as the addition of a deep boot and Venetian blinds to the lockers (to carry dogs) led to the first _dog-cart_. Here the passengers sat back to back. _Tandem-carts_ were very similar, though here the driver’s seat was raised. The dog-cart itself gave rise to numerous varieties, such as the _Newport_, the _Malvern_, the _Whitechapel_, the _sliding body_, and the _Norwich_ carts. In America the _buggy_, a light waggon, the _sulky_, the _fantail gig_, the _tub-bodied gig_, the _chariotee_, and the _public sociable_ were the chief carriages. The _rockaway_, made first in 1830, was a light waggon with wooden springs on the outside of the body. The _volante_, much used at this time by the Spanish ladies of South America and Cuba, was a hooded gig upon two high wheels. But in America, as in Europe, no entirely new bodies or methods of framing were needed, and such little differences as there were are only of interest to the coachbuilder or the expert. Before passing, however, to the public conveyances, to which, it would seem, most carriage-builders of an inventive turn were now giving their attention, I may mention one or two particularly quaint or fanciful carriages which do not readily fall into a recognised class. About this time several people seem to have been at pains to produce a three-wheeled carriage, “apparently designed,” says Croal, “to overcome an element of danger in the ordinary two-wheeled gig, in which so much of the business and pleasure of travelling took place.” In America, the chief experiments in this direction were made by Dr. Nott, president of Union College at Schenectady, who produced a three-wheeled chariot, in which he drove about.[48] “The body of the vehicle was supported by the near axle on two wheels, while a third wheel in front was in close connection with the shafts, so that it revolved with them as they turned. By this arrangement the body of the carriage could be hung low, supported entirely by the wheels, while the third wheel in front, revolving in a small circle with the shaft, enabled the occupants to make a short and safe turn.” What became of this weird vehicle is not known, but its inventor’s memory was enshrined in a song, one verse of which runs as follows:— “Where, oh where, is the good old Doctor? Where, oh where, is the good old Doctor? He went up in the Three Wheel Chariot, Safe into the Promised Land!”