On another occasion he employed a ligature needle of medium size, with which he pierced the conjunctiva by the side of the worm, and passed it between the worm and the sclerotic, making it emerge at the opposite side. By this manœuvre he was able to raise the fold of conjunctiva along with the worm on the concavity of the needle. This fold he divided, and drew out the worm without mutilation. The operation required to be done very quickly, otherwise the worm escaped and disappeared, sometimes for a very long time. Of five negroes upon whom he thus operated he was only able to remove the worm twice. The worms were about fifteen lines in length, and a little less thick than a violin string. He did not think the worms were a species of dracunculus, for they were quite white, firmer, and less long in proportion. He never saw the worm make an opening for itself. In the seven voyages he had made to the Angola coast he had never seen a negro affected with dracunculus. Other surgeons who had sailed on these coasts assured him they also had seen no cases, which made him conclude that the negroes of that country are not subject to dracunculus. The cases on which he operated were healed in twenty-four hours. We next find M. Clot at a meeting of the Académie Royale des Sciences in December, 1832, referring to the case of a negress, who suffered from a dracunculus under the conjunctiva of the eye. It appeared now and then gliding between the conjunctiva and sclerotic, lifting up the conjunctiva. This case appears to be one that was seen by Dr. Roulin at Monpox in America. Another case is mentioned by Dr. Sigaud in his work on the ‘Climate and Diseases of Brazil.’ He states he was witness in 1833 of the extraction, by M. dos Santos, of a filaria situated in the orbit on the surface of the sclerotic of a negress. In 1838 Dr. Guyon made an interesting communication to the French Academy of Sciences, in which he narrated the case of a young negress affected with two filariæ, one in the right and the other in the left eye, but occasionally both appeared in the same eye; the passage of the worm from the one eye to the other occurring with great rapidity through the cellular tissue under the skin at the root of the nose. The filariæ were in different eyes when the operator (Dr. Blot of Martinique) extracted the filaria from the left. Some hours after, when he returned to extract the other worm, he found that it had passed to the left eye, from which he extracted it by a fresh incision. The first cases reported by an English surgeon were by Dr. Loney, a naval surgeon, occurring in two Kroomen, whom he saw while cruising on the West Coast of Africa during 1841-2. In both he succeeded in extracting the parasite.[3]