Note: Project Gutenberg also has an HTML version of this file which includes the numerous original illustrations. See 48451-h.htm or 48451-h.zip: (http://www.gutenberg.org/files/48451/48451-h/48451-h.htm) or (http://www.gutenberg.org/files/48451/48451-h.zip) Images of the original pages are available through Internet Archive. See https://archive.org/details/cassellshistoryo01londuoft [Illustration: _From the painting by W. H. Margetson._ HIS MAJESTY KING EDWARD VII.] CASSELL'S HISTORY OF ENGLAND From the Roman Invasion to the Wars of the Roses With Numerous Illustrations, Including Coloured and Rembrandt Plates VOL. I The King's Edition Cassell and Company, Limited London, New York, Toronto and Melbourne MCMIX ALL RIGHTS RESERVED CONTENTS CHAPTER I. THE ROMAN RULE IN BRITAIN. PAGE Earliest Notices of the British Isles--The Celts--Their Settlement in Britain--Their Character and Customs--Druidism--Its Organisation and Authority--Its Tenets--Stonehenge and other Remains--Cæsar's Preparations--The First Invasion--Peril of the Romans and their Retirement--The Second Invasion--Cæsar's Battles with Cassivelaunus--Claudius in Britain--The Resistance of Caractacus--His Defeat and Capture--His Speech before Claudius--The Conquest of Anglesea--Boadicea's Rebellion--The Capture of Camulodunum and London--Her Defeat and Death--Agricola in Britain--His Campaigns and Administration--His Campaign against the Caledonians--His Recall--The Walls of Hadrian and Severus--Rivals to the Emperor--Constantine's Accession--Christianity in Britain--Invasions of the Picts and Scots--Dismemberment of the Roman Empire and Departure of the Romans--Divisions and Administration of Britain under the Romans 2 CHAPTER II. ROMAN REMAINS IN BRITAIN. Two Varieties of Masonry--Dover Castle--Richborough Castle--Newport Gate, Lincoln--Hadrian's Wall--Its Direction and Construction--Outworks--Ornamental Detail--Roman Roads and Camps 19 CHAPTER III. THE FOUNDATION OF THE ENGLISH KINGDOMS AND THEIR CONVERSION TO CHRISTIANITY. The Jutes, Angles, and Saxons--Their Village Communities--Larger Combinations, Gradations of Rank--Morality and Religion--Hengist and Horsa found the Kingdom of Kent--The Kingdoms of Sussex, Wessex, and Essex--The Anglian Kingdoms--Mercia--The Welsh--Gregory and St. Augustine--Augustine and Kent--Conversion of Northumbria--England becomes Christian--The Greatness of Mercia--King Offa 25 CHAPTER IV. RISE OF WESSEX AND OF THE SOCIAL SYSTEM OF ENGLAND.