Unsettled Condition of Europe--Machinations of Russia and Austria against Turkey--Disasters of the Austrians--Capture of Oczakoff--Further Designs of Catherine--Intervention of Pitt--Gustavus of Sweden invades Russia--His temporary Check--He remodels the Diet and pursues the War--Joseph renews the War--Disaffection in Hungary--Revolution in the Austrian Netherlands--Abolition of the _Joyeuse Entrée_--The Emperor declared to have forfeited the Crown--The Austrian Troops retired to Luxembourg--Death of Joseph--Outbreak of the French Revolution--Efforts of Turgot and his Successors to introduce Reforms--Loménie de Brienne--Recall of Necker--Assembly of the States General--The Third Estate becomes the National Assembly--The Meeting in the Tennis Court--Contemplated _Coup d'État_--Project of a City Guard--Dismissal of Necker--Insurrection in Paris--The City Guard--Capture of the Bastille--The Noblesse renounce their Privileges--Bankruptcy and Famine--"_O Richard, O Mon Roi!_"--The Women and the National Guard march on Versailles--The King brought to Paris--Effect of the Revolution in England--Different Views of Burke and Fox--Rejection of Flood's Reform Bill--The Nootka Sound Affair--Satisfaction obtained from Spain--Motions of Reform in the Irish Parliament--Convention of Reichenbach--Continuance of the War between Sweden and Russia--Renewal of the War with Tippoo Sahib--Debates in Parliament--Discussions on the Eastern Question--The Canada Bill--It is made the occasion of Speeches on the French Revolution--Breach between Fox and Burke--Abuse of Burke by the Whigs--Wilberforce's Notice for immediate Emancipation--Colonisation of Sierra Leone--Bill for the Relief of Roman Catholics--Fox's Libel Bill--Burke's "Reflections on the French Revolution"--Replies of Mackintosh and Paine--Dr. Price--Dr. Priestley--The Anniversary of the taking of the Bastille--The Birmingham Riots--Destruction of Priestley's Library--Suppression of the Riots--Mildness of the Sentences 349 CHAPTER XV. REIGN OF GEORGE III. (_continued_).