The Church after the Revolution--The Non-Jurors--The Act of Toleration--Comprehension Bill--Laxity of Religion--The Wesleys and Whitefield--Foundation of Methodism--Extension of the Movement--Literature--Survivors of the Stuart Period--Prose Writers: Bishop Burnet--Philosophers: Locke--Bishop Berkeley, etc.--Novelists: Fielding, Richardson, Smollett, and Sterne--Dr. Davenant--Bentley--Swift--Addison--Addison and Steele--Bolingbroke--Daniel Defoe--Lady Mary Wortley Montagu--Poets: Pope--His Prose Writings--Gay, Prior, Young, etc.--James Thomson, Allan Ramsay, Gray, and Minor Lights--Dramatists--Physical Science: Astronomers--Mathematicians--Electricians--Chemists--Medical Discoverers--Music: Purcell--Italian Music--Handel--Church Music--The Academy of Ancient Music and other Societies--Architecture--Wren and his Buildings--St. Paul's--His Churches and Palaces--Vanbrugh--Gibbs--Hawksmoor--Minor Architects--Painting and Sculpture: Lely and Kneller--Other Foreign Painters and Decorators--Thornhill--Other English Artists--Hogarth and his Works--Exhibition of British Artists--Sculptors--Shipping, Colonies, Commerce, and Manufactures--Increase of Canals--Woollen and Silk Trades--Irish Linens--Lace--Iron, Copper, and other Industries--Increase of the large Towns 141 CHAPTER VII. REIGN OF GEORGE III. Accession of George III.--His Conduct--Ascendency of Bute--Meeting of Parliament--Enthusiastic Reception of the King's Speech--Bute's Cabals--Hostility to Pitt--Ministerial Changes--Marriage of the King--Queen Charlotte--Misfortunes of Frederick--Ferdinand of Brunswick's Campaign--Defeat of the French in the East and West Indies--Negotiations for Peace--Pitt's large Demands--Obstinacy of Choiseul--The Family Compact suspected--Resignation of Pitt--Bute's Ministry--War with Spain--Abandonment of Frederick--Policy of the new Czar--Resignation of Newcastle--Bute at the Head of the Treasury--Successes in the West Indies--Capture of Manila--Bute's Eagerness for Peace--The Terms--Bute's Unpopularity--Close of the Seven Years' War--Successes of Clive--Defeat of the Dutch in India--Final Overthrow of the French in India--Fate of the Count de Lally--Bute and the Princess of Wales--The Cider Tax--Bute's Vengeance--His Resignation--George Grenville in Office--No. 45 of the _North Briton_--Arrest of Wilkes--His Acquittal--Vengeance against him--The King negotiates with Pitt--Wilkes's Affairs in Parliament--The Wilkes Riots--The Question of Privilege--The Illegality of General Warrants declared--Wilkes expelled the House--Debates on General Warrants--Rejoicing in the City of London 168 CHAPTER VIII. REIGN OF GEORGE III. (_continued_).