Insecurity of the Orleanist Monarchy--The Spanish Marriages--Lord Palmerston's Foreign Policy--Meeting of the French Chambers--Prohibition of the Reform Banquet--The Multitude in Arms--Vacillation of Louis Philippe--He abdicates in favour of his Grandson--Flight of the Royal Family--Proclamation of the Provisional Government--Lamartine quells the Populace--The Unemployed--Invasion of the Assembly--Prince Louis Napoleon--The _Ateliers Nationaux_--Paris in a State of Siege--The Rebellion quelled by Cavaignac--A New Constitution--Louis Napoleon elected President of the French Republic--Effect of the French Revolution in England--The Chartists--Outbreak at Glasgow--The Monster Petition--Notice by the Police Commissioners--The 10th of April--The Special Constables--The Duke of Wellington's Preparations--The Convention on Kennington Common--Feargus O'Connor and Commissioner Mayne--Collapse of the Demonstration--Incendiary Placards at Glasgow--History of the Chartist Petition--Renewed Gatherings of Chartists--Arrests--Trial of the Chartist Leaders--Evidence of Spies--The Sentences 548 CHAPTER XIX. THE REIGN OF VICTORIA (_continued_). The General Election--Crime in Ireland--Increased Powers granted to the Executive--Ireland on the Verge of Rebellion--Death of O'Connell--Viceroyalty of Lord Clarendon--Special Commission in Clare, Limerick, and Tipperary--The Commission at Clonmel--Rise of the Young Ireland Party--The _Nation_--Meagher and Smith O'Brien--They try to dispense with the Church--The Irish Confederation--The _United Irishman_--News of the French Revolution--Panic in Dublin--Lord Clarendon and Mr. Birch--The Deputation to Paris--Smith O'Brien in Parliament--Preparations for Civil War--Young and Old Ireland at blows--Arrest and Trial of Mitchel, Smith O'Brien, and Meagher--Transportation of Mitchel--Lord Clarendon's Extraordinary Powers--Smith O'Brien in the South--Commencement of the Insurrection--Battle of Ballingarry--Arrest of Smith O'Brien--Collapse of the Rebellion--Trial of the Conspirators--Trials and Sentences--The Rate in Aid--The Encumbered Estates Act--The Queen's Visit to Ireland--Cove becomes Queenstown--A Visit to Cork--Kingstown and Dublin--Departure from Dublin--An Affecting Incident--Belfast 560 CHAPTER XX. THE REIGN OF VICTORIA (_continued_).