The Peace of Zurich--Its Repudiation by Italy--The Idea of a Congress--Garibaldi in Central Italy--The Cession of Nice and Savoy--The Sicilian Expedition--Garibaldi lands at Marsala--Capture of Palermo--The Convention for Evacuation signed--Battle of Milazzo and Evacuation of Messina--Garibaldi master of Sicily--Attempts to prevent the Conquest of Naples--A Landing effected--The victorious March--Flight of the King--Garibaldi occupies Naples--He is warned off Venetia--The Sardinian Troops occupy the Papal States--Battle of the Volturno--Victor Emmanuel's Advance--His Meeting with Garibaldi--Accomplishment of Garibaldi's Programme--Refusal of his Demands--He retires to Caprera--Lord John Russell's Despatch. 303 CHAPTER XX. THE REIGN OF VICTORIA (_continued_). The Session of 1860--Debates on Nice and Savoy--Mr. Gladstone's Budget--The French Commercial Treaty--The Paper Duties Bill--Lord Palmerston's Motion of Inquiry--Mr. Gladstone's Resolution--Lord John Russell's Reform Bill--Mr. James Wilson and Sir Charles Trevelyan--The Defences of India and Great Britain--The Massacre by the Druses--The French Expedition--China once more--Repulse on the Peiho--Lord Elgin and Baron Gros--The Advance on Pekin--Capture of the Taku Forts--The Summer Palace looted--Release of Mr. Parkes--Lord Elgin decrees the Destruction of the Palace--The Treaty of Peace--The Prince of Wales in Canada--Death of the Duchess of Kent--The American Civil War--Election of Lincoln--Secession of South Carolina--The Confederate States--The British Cabinet declares Neutrality--Affair of the _Trent_--The Paper Duties Bill and the Church Rates Bill--Sidney Herbert and the Volunteers 310 CHAPTER XXI. THE REIGN OF VICTORIA (_continued_). The Queen's Visit to Ireland--The Royal Family at Balmoral--Illness and Death of the Prince Consort--The Address in Parliament--The Education Code--The American War in Parliament--The _Nashville_--The Blockade and the Cotton Famine--The Game Act--Palmerston and Cobden--Prorogation of Parliament--The Garotters--The _Alabama_--Mr. Adams and Earl Russell--The _Alabama sails_--Progress of the War in America--Greece and the Ionian Islands--The Society of Arts--The Exhibition of 1862--Jealousy of Prussia and France--The Colonial Exhibition--The Cotton Famine in 1863--Engagement and Marriage of the Prince of Wales--Mr. Gladstone's Budget--"Essays and Reviews"--Obituary of the Year--Russell and Gortschakoff--The Polish Revolution--Russell and Brazil--The Coercion of Japan--The American War in 1863--The Crown of Mexico offered to the Archduke Maximilian--Captain Speke in Central Africa 326 CHAPTER XXII. THE REIGN OF VICTORIA (_continued_).