Functions of the Insect-eaters in the Order of Nature--Their Leading Peculiarities--Classification--COLUGOS--Various Opinions regarding their Place--COLUGO, OR FLYING LEMUR--The _Patagium_--Parachute-like Membrane--Dentition--Offspring--Diet--BANGSRINGS--TANA--FERRUGINOUS BANGSRING--HORSFIELD’S BANGSRING--LOW’S PTILOCERQUE--SHORT-TAILED BANGSRING--JUMPING SHREWS--ELEPHANT SHREW--ALGERIAN JUMPING SHREW--PETRODROME--RHYNCHOCYON--HEDGEHOG--Characteristics-- Distribution--Diet--Attacks Snakes and Vipers--Taste for Eggs and Game--Its “Spiny Skin”--“Rolled up”--Enemies--Female and Young--LONG-EARED HEDGEHOG--COLLARED HEDGEHOG--BULAU--TANRECS--TANREC--TENDRAC--TELFAIR’S TENDRAC--RICE TENDRAC--EARED EARTH SHREW--AGOUTA--ALMIQUI--WEST AFRICAN RIVER SHREW 342 CHAPTER II. GOLDEN MOLES--MOLES--DESMANS--SHREWS. General Description of the Golden Mole Family--Their Points of Difference from the True Mole--THE CAPE GOLDEN MOLE--Its Varieties--The Family of True Moles--THE COMMON MOLE--Described--Distribution--Teeth--Fore-limbs--Breast-bone--Not a Miserable Creature--Extreme Voracity--Diet--His Blindness a Popular Error--A Thirsty Soul--His Fortress--The Roads leading to it--Speed of a Frightened Mole--“Mole-hills”--A-wooing--His Strong Family Affections--His Persecution a Doubtful Benefit--THE BLIND MOLE--Several Allied Species--THE STAR-NOSED MOLE--Its Snout--THE COMMON SHREW MOLE--Other Species in the United States--The Family of Desmans--THE DESMAN--Its Otter-like Habits--Its Trunk--THE PYRENEAN DESMAN--THE HAIRY-TAILED MOLE-SHREW--The Family of Shrews--THE COMMON SHREW--Or Shrew-Mouse--Superstitions about it--DEKAY’S SHREW--THE GARDEN SHREW--THE TUSCAN SHREW--THE RAT-TAILED SHREW--THE WATER SHREW--Essentially Aquatic--Its Prey--Allied Species--THE TIBETAN WATER SHREW--THE TAILLESS SHREW--Concluding Remarks--Classification--Distribution--Affinities 365 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. PAGE Orang-utan and Chimpanzees in the Berlin Aquarium _Frontispiece._ Group of Apes and Monkeys, and a Lemur 1 American Monkey, with Prehensile Tail 2 One of the Anthropomorpha--The Chimpanzee 3 One of the Cynomorpha--The Baboon 4 Group of Lemurs 5 Foot and Hand of a Monkey--A Catarhine Monkey--A Platyrhine Monkey--Monkey with Cheek Pouches 6 The Male Gorilla 8 Female Gorilla and Young 9