================================================ | Cephalic | Number of cases ---- | Index. | in which index | | exceeded 80. -------------------+----------+----------------- 40 Chenchus | 74.3 | 1 60 Gollas | 77.5 | 9 50 Boyas | 77.9 | 14 39 Tota Balijas | 78. | 10 49 Motati Kapus | 78. | 16 19 Upparas | 78.8 | 4 16 Mangalas | 78.8 | 7 17 Yerukalas | 78.6 | 6 12 Medaras | 80.7 | 8 ================================================ The visual acuity of the Chenchus was tested with Cohn's letter E, No. 6. For clinical purposes, the visual acuity would be represented by a fraction, of which 6 is the denominator, and the number of metres at which the position of the letter was recognised by the individual tested is the numerator, e.g., V.A. = 13m/6 = 2.16. The average distances in metres, at which the letter was recognised by the various castes and tribes examined by myself and Dr. W. H. R. Rivers, were as follows:-- 16 Sholagas (Rivers) 12.9 94 Kotas 12.8 180 Badagas 12.6 50 Paraiyans 12.5 58 Telugu ryats 12.4 28 Chenchus 12.3 55 Uralis (Rivers) 12.2 30 Brahmans, Mysore 12.2 30 Non-Brahmans, Mysore 12.2 In all classes, it may be noted, the average acuity was between 12 and 13 metres (13 to 14 yards), and ranged between V.A. = 2·15 and V.A. = 2·03. The maxima distances, at which the position of the letter was recognised, were:--Sholaga, 18m; Paraiyan, 19m; Badaga and Dikshitar Brahman, 20m. No cases of extraordinary hyper-acuity were met with. The nine classes, or groups of classes examined, cover a wide range of degrees of civilisation from the wild jungle Chenchus, Sholagas, and Uralis, to the cultured Brahman. And, though the jungle man, who has to search for his food and mark the tracks and traces of wild beasts, undoubtedly possesses a specially trained keenness of vision for the exigencies of his primitive life, the figures show that, as regards ordinary visual acuity, he has no advantage over the more highly civilised classes. There were, in 1904-05, two Board upper primary schools for the Chenchus of the Kurnool district, which were attended by seventy-three pupils, who were fed and clothed, and supplied with books and slates free of charge. Chenu (dry field).--An exogamous sept of Kamma. Cheppat.--A sub-division of Maran. Cherukara.--Recorded, in the Travancore Census Report, 1901, as a sub-division of Nayar.