by inspiration, telling them when and how the maladies will subside." Kaniyans were formerly buried, but are now, excepting young children, cremated in a portion of the grounds of the habitation, or in a spot adjacent thereto. The ashes are collected on the fourth day, and deposited under water. In memory of the deceased, an annual offering of food is made, and an oblation of water offered on every new moon. The Potuvans or Kani Kuruppus are the barbers of the Kaniyans, and have the privilege of being in attendance during marriages and funerals. It is only after they have sprinkled water in the houses of polluted Kaniyans that they again become pure. In fact, the Potuvans stand in the same relation to the Kaniyans as the Marans to the Nayars. The Potuvans are not expected to shave the Tinta Kaniyans. The Kaniyans are said to keep at a distance of twenty-four feet from a Brahman or Kshatriya, and half that distance from a Sudra. The corresponding distances for a Tinta Kaniyan are thirty-six and eighteen feet. This restriction is not fully observed in Trivandrum, and south of it. It is noted by Mr. Anantha Krishna Iyer that, on marriage occasions, a Nayar gives a gift of a few annas and betel leaves to the astrologer, standing close beside him, and yet there is no pollution. The Malayalam proverb "On marriage occasions the Nayars give dakshina (gift), almost touching the hand," refers to this fact. The Kaniyans cannot enter Brahmanical temples. They will not receive food from Izhavans, except in a few villages in central Travancore, but this is a regular practice with the Tinta Kaniyans. It is believed that the Kaniyans proper have no objection to receiving sweetmeats from Kammalans. The Kaniyans have been summed up as a law-abiding people, who not infrequently add agriculture to their avocations of village doctor, prophet, or demon-driver, and are popular with Christians and Muhammadans as well as with Hindus. [98] The late Mr. Pogson, when Government astronomer, used to say that his principal native assistant was an astronomer from 10 A.M. to 5 P.M. and an astrologer from 5 P.M. to 10 A.M. Kannada.--Kannada (Kanarese) has, at recent times of census, been returned as a linguistic or territorial division of various classes, e.g., Agasa, Bedar, Devanga, Holeya, Koracha, Kumbara, Samagara, Rachewar, and Uppiliyan. Kanna Pulayan.--Described by the Rev. W. J. Richards [99] as Pulayans of Travancore, who wear rather better and more artistically made aprons than the Thanda Pulayan women. Kannaku.--A prefix to the name of Nanchinat Vellalas in Travancore. Kannan.--A sub-division of Kammalans, the members of which do braziers' work.