Castes and Tribes of Southern India. Vol. 3 of 7Thurston, Edgar
History
Castes and Tribes of Southern India. Vol. 3 of 7
Thurston, Edgar
Caste -- India, South; Ethnology -- India, South; India, South -- Social life and customs; Tribes -- India, South
Epigraphic records point to the existence of the five classes of
Kammalans in Malabar at least as early as the beginning of the ninth
century A.D., as a Syrian Christian grant refers to them as Aimvazhi
Kammalas. There is a tradition that they were brought to Kerala by
Parasu Rama, but left in a body for Ceylon on being pressed by one of
the early Perumal satraps of Cranganur to marry into the washerman
caste, after they had by a special arrangement of the marriage shed
trapped to death a large number of that obnoxious community. The King
of Ceylon was requested, as an act of international courtesy, to send
back some of the Kammalans. As, however, they were loth to return to
their former persecutor, they were sent in charge of some Izhavas,
who formed the military caste of the island. The legend is given
in detail by Canter Visscher, who writes as follows. "In the time
of Cheramperoumal, a woman belonging to the caste of the washermen,
whose house adjoined that of an Ajari (the carpenter caste), being
occupied as usual in washing a cloth in water mixed with ashes (which
is here used for soap), and having no one at hand to hold the other
end of it, called to a young daughter of the Ajari, who was alone
in the house, to assist her. The child, not knowing that this was
an infringement of the laws of her caste, did as she was requested,
and then went home. The washerwoman was emboldened by this affair to
enter the Ajari's house a few days afterwards; and, upon the latter
demanding angrily how she dared to cross his threshold, the woman
answered scornfully that he belonged now to the same caste as she did,
since his daughter had helped to hold her cloth. The Ajari, learning
the disgrace that had befallen him, killed the washerwoman. Upon this,
her friends complained to Cheramperoumal, who espoused their cause, and
threatened the carpenters; whereupon the latter combined together to
take refuge in Ceylon, where they were favourably received by the King
of Candy, for whom the Malabars have great veneration. Cheramperoumal
was placed in great embarrassment by their departure, having no one in
his dominions who could build a house or make a spoon, and begged the
King of Candy to send them back, promising to do them no injury. The
Ajaris would not place entire confidence in these promises, but asked
the king to send them with two Chegos (Chogans) and their wives,
to witness Cheramperoumal's conduct towards them, and to protect
them. The king granted their request, with the stipulation that on all
high occasions, such as weddings and deaths and other ceremonies, the
Ajaris should bestow three measures of rice on each of these Chegos
and their descendants as a tribute for their protection; a custom
which still exists. If the Ajari is too poor to afford the outlay,
he is still obliged to present the requisite quantity of rice, which
is then given back to him again; the privilege of the Chegos being
thus maintained.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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