In the Madras Census Report, 1901, the following sub-castes of Malabar Kammalans are recorded:--Kallan Muppan and Kallukkotti (stone-workers), Kotton (brass-smith), Pon Chetti (gold merchant), and Puliasari (masons). In the Cochin Census Report, 1901, it is stated that "the Kammalans are divided into six sub-castes, viz., Marasari (carpenter), Kallasari (mason), Musari (brazier), Kollan (blacksmith), Tattan (goldsmith), and Tolkollan (leather-worker). Of these six, the first five interdine, and intermarry. The Tolkollan is considered a degraded caste, probably on account of his working in leather, which in its earlier stages is an unholy substance. The other sub-castes do not allow the Tolkollans even to touch them. Among the Marasaris are included the Marasaris proper and Tacchans. The Tacchans are looked upon by other castes in the group as a separate caste, and are not allowed to touch them. All the sub-castes generally follow the makkathayam law of inheritance, but there are some vestiges of marumakkathayam also among them. There is a sub-caste called Kuruppu, who are their barbers and priests. They officiate as priest at marriage and funeral ceremonies. When they enter the interior shrine of temples for work in connection with the image of a god, or with the temple flagstaff, the Asari and Musari temporarily wear a sacred thread, which is a rare privilege. Their approach within a radius of twenty-four feet pollutes Brahmans. On the completion of a building, the Marasari, Kallasari and Kollan perform certain pujas, and sacrifice a fowl or sheep to drive out the demons and devils which are supposed to have haunted the house till then." For the following note on the Kammalans of Travancore, I am indebted to Mr. N. Subramania Aiyar. "The titles of the Malayalam Kammalans are Panikkan and Kanakkan. The word Panikkan means a worker, and Kanakkan is the title given to a few old and respectable Kammalas in every village, who superintend the work of others, and receive the highest remuneration. It is their business to sketch the plan of a building, and preside at the vastubali rite. Many Tamil Kammalans have naturalised themselves on the west coast, and speak Malayalam. Between them and the Malayalam Kammalans neither intermarriage nor interdining obtains. The latter are divided into five classes, viz., Asari or Marapanikkan (workers in wood), Kallan or Kallasari (workers in stone), Musari (braziers and coppersmiths), Tattan (goldsmiths), and Kollan (workers in iron). To these the Jatinirnaya and Keralaviseshamahatmya add a sixth class, the Tacchan or Irchchakollan, whose occupation is to fell trees and saw timber. The Tacchans are also known as Villasans (bowmen), as they were formerly required to supply bows and arrows for the Travancore army.