Castes and Tribes of Southern India. Vol. 5 of 7Thurston, Edgar
History
Castes and Tribes of Southern India. Vol. 5 of 7
Thurston, Edgar
Caste -- India, South; Ethnology -- India, South; India, South -- Social life and customs; Tribes -- India, South
(1) Personal hygiene.--Bathing.
(2) Eating.--The rules about food, either regarding the cooking
or eating of it are very religiously observed. Absolute fasting
is unknown in Malabar.
(3) Worship of the Gods and manes.--The anniversary of a person's
death is regulated not by the age of the moon at the time, but
by the star, unlike on the other coast. Again, a birth pollution
has priority over other observances, even death ceremonies. A
son who has to perform the funeral ceremonies of his father
is rendered unfit for that solemn function by an intervening
birth pollution. An adopted son is not, as in other parts
of India, relieved of the sraddha obligations to his natural
parents. Sectarian controversies in regard to Siva and Vishnu are
strictly tabooed. The establishment of Hinduism on a non-sectarian
basis was the sacred mission of Sankaracharya's life. A single
triple string (sacred thread) is worn irrespective of civil
condition. This is contrary to the usage of the other coast, where
married Brahmans wear two or three triplets. Sprinkling water is an
essential purificatory act after the use of the broom. An isolated
rule requires dead bodies to be burnt in private compounds, and
not in consecrated communal sites, as among the east coast people.
(4) Conduct in society.--Chastity is jealously guarded by the
imposition of severe ostracism on adulterers. Formal salutation,
and even namaskaras and anugrahas, or prostration before and
blessing by seniors, are prescribed. This is a striking point of
difference between Malabar and the rest of India, and is probably
based on the esoteric teaching of universal oneness.
(5) Asramas or stages of life.--It is distinctly prescribed that
a Brahman should formally conclude the Brahmachari asrama, and
that presents or dakshina to the gurus should be the crowning
act. The asura or bride-sale form of marriage is prohibited--a
prohibition which, in the case of the Nambutiris, is absolutely
unnecessary as matters now stand. An injunction in the reverse
direction against the ruinous tyranny of a bride-penalty would
be an anxiously sought relief to the strugglings of many an
indigent bride's father. The special law of Malabar, under which
the eldest son is alone entitled to be married, has already been
referred to. The anchorite stage comes in for regulation by the
Manu of Kerala. The eyes of a Sanyasin should never rest on a
woman even for a second. This rule, which, if it errs at all,
only does so on the side of safety, is not observed elsewhere,
as the stage of a Sanyasin is expected to be entered only after
the complete subjugation of the passions. No aradhana (worship)
sraddhas are performed for them, as is done in other parts. The
soul of the Sanyasin is freed from the bondage of Karma and the
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