6. Itacheri or Idacheri, also called Pantaris in South Travancore. They are herdsmen, and vendors of milk, butter and curds. The name suggests a relation of some kind to the Idaiyan caste of the Tamil country. 7. Karuvelam, known also by other names, such as Kappiyara and Tiruvattar. Their occupation is service in the palace of the Maharaja, and they are the custodians of his treasury and valuables. Fifty-two families are believed to have been originally brought from Kolathanad, when a member thereof was adopted into the Travancore royal family. 8. Arikuravan.--A name, meaning those who reduced the quantity of rice out of the paddy given to them to husk at the temple of Kazhayakkuttam near Trivandrum, by which they were accosted by the local chieftain. 9. Pallichchan.--Bearers of palanquins for Brahmans and Malabar chieftains. They are also employed as their attendants, to carry their sword and shield before them. 10. Vandikkaran.--A name, meaning cartmen, for those who supply fuel to temples, and cleanse the vessels belonging thereto. 11. Kuttina.--The only heiress of a Svarupam tarwad is said to have been a maid-servant in the Vadakketam Brahman's house, and her daughter's tali-kettu ceremony to have been celebrated in her master's newly-built cowshed. The bride was called kuttilachchi, or bride in a cowshed, and her descendants were named Kuttina Nayars. They intermarry among themselves, and, having no priests of their own, obtain purified water from Brahmans to remove the effects of pollution. 12. Matavar.--Also known as Puliyattu, Veliyattu, and Kallur Nayars. They are believed to have been good archers in former times. 13. Otatu, also called Kusa. Their occupation is to tile or thatch temples and Brahman houses. 14. Mantalayi.--A tract of land in the Kalkulam taluk, called Mantalachchi Konam, was granted to them by the State. They are paid mourners, and attend at the Trivandrum palace when a death occurs in the royal family. 15. Manigramam.--Believed to represent Hindu recoveries from early conversion to Christianity. Manigramam was a portion of Cranganore, where early Christian immigrants settled. 16. Vattaykkatan, better known in Travancore as Chakala Nayars, form in many respects the lowest sub-division. They are obliged to stand outside the sacrificial stones (balikallu) of a sanctuary, and are not allowed to take the title Pillai. Pulva is a title of distinction among them. One section of them is engaged in the hereditary occupation of oil-pressing, and occupies a lower position in the social scale than the other." The following list of "clans" among the Nayars of Malabar whom he examined anthropometrically is given by Mr. F. Fawcett [139]:--