their customs they differ but little from the Razus, eating meat and drinking spirits, but not keeping their women gosha." All the Rangaris examined by me at Adoni in the Bellary district were tailors. Like other Maratha classes they had a high cephalic index (av. 79; max. 92), and it was noticeable that the breadth of the head exceeded 15 cm. in nine out of thirty individuals. In the Madras Census Report, 1901, Bahusagara, Malla or Mulla, and Namdev are given as synonyms, and Chimpiga (tailor) and Unupulavadu (dyer) as sub-castes of Rangari. Raniyava.--The Raniyavas are Canarese-speaking Holeyas, who are found near Kap, Karkal, Mudibidri, and Mulki in South Canara. They consider themselves to be superior to the Tulu-speaking Holeyas, such as the Mari and Mundala Holeyas. The Raniyavas regard Virabadra Swami as their tribal deity, and also worship Mari, to whom they sacrifice a buffalo periodically. The bhuta (devil), which is most commonly worshipped, is Varthe. They profess to be Saivites, because they are the disciples of the Lingayat priest at Gurupur. Marriage is, as a rule, infant, though the marriage of adult girls is not prohibited. The marriage rites are celebrated beneath a pandal (booth) supported by twelve pillars. As among the Tulu castes, the chief item in the marriage ceremony is the pouring of water over the united hands of the bridal couple, who are not, like the Canarese Holeyas in Mysore, separated by a screen. Women who are found guilty of adultery, or of illicit intercourse before marriage, are not allowed to wear bangles, nose-screw, or black bead necklaces, and are treated like widows. Men who have been proved guilty of seduction are not allowed to take part in the caste council meetings. On the occasion of the first menstrual period, a girl is under pollution for twelve days. Eleven girls pour water over her head daily. On the thirteenth day, the castemen are fed, and, if the girl is married, consummation takes place. Married men and women are cremated, and unmarried persons buried. On the day of death, toddy must be given to those who assemble. Cooked meat and food are offered to the deceased on the third, seventh, and thirteenth days, and, on the seventh day, toddy must be freely given. Rao.--The title of Desastha Brahmans, and various Maratha classes, Jains, and Servegaras. Some Perikes, who claim Kshatriya origin, have also assumed Rao (=Raya, king) instead of the more humble Anna or Ayya as a title. Rarakkar.--The Rarakkars or Vicharakkars are exorcisers for the Kuravans of Travancore. Rati (stone).--A sub-division of Odde. Ratna (precious stones).--An exogamous sept of Kuruba. The equivalent Ratnala is a synonym of Ralla Balijas, who deal in precious stones. Rattu.--A sub-division of Kaikolan.