condition. At Nandavaram they looked back, and the goddess instantly stopped, and remained immoveable. A temple was built for her there, and the Brahmans remained in the south, and still take part in the worship of Chaudesvari which the Togatas inaugurate, even though she is not one of the Hindu pantheon, and delights in animal sacrifice. At Tadpatri other castes besides the Togatas help at the festival." Though Chaudesvari is the patron god of the Togatas, they also worship Poleramma, Ellamma, Kotamma, and other minor deities. The original occupation of the Togatas is said to have been dyeing, but, at the present day, owing to the depression in the hand-loom weaving industry, a large number have taken to cultivation. Like many other Telugu castes, they have exogamous septs, of which the following are examples:-- Patha, old. Kambhapu, pillar. Nili, indigo. Madaka, plough. Bana, pot. Jilakara, cummin seed. Annam, food. Mékala, goat. Gopalam, alms. Samanthi, Chrysanthemum indicum. Gurram, horse. Perumal, a god. Bandari, treasurer? Gudditi. Pujaris (priests) for temple worship are always elected from the Perumal sept, and caste messengers from the Bandari sept, if they are represented in a settlement. Torches are generally carried, at processions, by men of the Gudditi sept. Members of the Gurram sept are not allowed to ride on horseback. The panchayat (village council) system is in vogue, but, in some places, a headman is selected, as occasion requires. In their marriage and funeral ceremonies, the Togatas closely follow the Telugu standard Puranic form of ceremonial. The dead are buried in a recumbent posture. On the last day of the death rites, the Satani gives arrack (liquor) to the Togatas, as to the Padma Sales, in lieu of holy water (thirtham). Tohala.--Recorded, in the Madras Census Report, 1901, as a small class of Oriya hill cultivators and petty traders in the Ganjam Agency. Tolagari.--Recorded, in the Madras Census Report, 1901, as a sub-caste of Mutracha. In the North Arcot Manual the Tolagaris are described as a small cultivating caste, who were formerly hunters, like the Palayakkarans. Tolar (Wolf).--An exogamous sept of Halepaik. The equivalent Tolana occurs as a sept of Moger.