skilful in spearing fish swimming near the surface. They are more trackers of game than hunters, and very often accompany Moplahs, who go out hunting to provide themselves with meat of all kinds for feasts during their weddings. The Ulladans are engaged only as beaters. For this service, they are given meals during the wedding, in addition to three annas worth of paddy for each beater. They are armed with clubs, and seldom go with dogs, fearing that they may drive away the game. When any animal is killed in hunting, the right side of the back of the animal goes to the Government. It is given to the Forest Officer, who auctions it, and the money obtained is sent to the taluk treasury. The left side of the back goes to the member of the party who shoots the animal. He also gets the face with the tongue. The headman among the Ulladans also gets a share. The remainder of the carcase is equally divided among the members who have formed the party. Should any dispute arise regarding the division of the game, the man who shoots the animal is entrusted with the settlement of the dispute, and his decision is final. In cases where the hunting party is organised by the Moplahs, the Ulladans get wages and meals for their trouble. In places where elephant pits are dug, hunting is forbidden. "As regards their social status, the Ulladans, like the Nayadis, form the Chandalas of the plains. Their approach to within a radius of sixty-four feet pollutes Brahmans, and all higher castes, including the Sudras (Nayars). The Ulladans cannot walk along the public roads, or come to the bazaars. Nor can they approach the precincts of any town or locality where the members of higher castes reside. The Pulayas and Parayas profess to be polluted by them. It is curious to note that the Ullada women consider it degrading to go to work like the Pulaya woman. They say that their husbands have to provide for them." Ulli (onions or garlic).--A sub-division of the Tigala market-gardeners. The equivalent Ullipoyala occurs as an exogamous sept of Golla, and Ulligadda as a sept of Boya and Korava. Ulumban.--It is recorded in the Gazetteer of Malabar that "an endogamous sub-caste (of Nayars) of foreign origin are the Ulumbans or cowherds. According to one tradition, they were originally immigrants from Dvaraka (Guzerat). Their original occupation still survives in the privileges of supplying ghee (clarified butter) for the abhishegam or libation at the great annual festival at the jungle shrine of Kottiyur, and of supplying butter-milk to the Tiruvangad temple at Tellicherry, which are exercised by families of this caste; and in the general privilege of offering milk in any temple without previous ablution." Uluvala (seeds of horse-gram: Dolichos biflorus).--An exogamous sept of Boya and Jogi. Ungara.--Ungara and Ungarala, meaning rings, have been recorded as exogamous septs of Balija and Kuruba.