Concerning the Guna Velamas, the Rev. J. Cain writes [123] that "in years gone by, members of this class, who were desirous of getting married, had to arrange and pay the expenses of two of the Palli (fisherman) caste, but now it is regarded as sufficient to hang up a net in the house during the time of the marriage ceremony." The custom had its origin in a legend that, generations ago, when all the members of the caste were in danger of being swept off the face of the earth by some of their enemies, the Pallis came to the rescue with their boats, and carried all the Guna Velamas to a place of safety. The Guna Velamas, Mr. Cain continues, were "formerly regarded as quite an inferior caste, but, as many members of it have been educated in Anglo-Vernacular schools, they have found their way into almost every department and risen in the social scale. Their caste occupation is that of dyeing cloth, which they dip into large pots (gunas). The term Guna Tsakala is one of reproach, and they much prefer being called Velamalu to the great disgust of the Raca (Raja) Velamalu." To the Raca Velama section belong, among other wealthy land-owners, the Rajas of Bobbili, Venkatagiri, Pittapur, and Nuzvid. At the annual Samasthanam meeting, in 1906, the Maharaja of Bobbili announced that "none of the Velamavaru were working in any of the offices at the time when I first came to Bobbili. There were then a small number acting as mere supervisors without clerical work. Only from the commencement of my administration these people have been gradually taken into the office, and induced to read at the High School." For the following note on the Velamas who have settled in the Vizagapatam district, I am indebted to Mr. C. Hayavadana Rao. The following sub-divisions of the caste may be noted:-- (1) Pedda or Padma found chiefly in the Bobbili taluk. Those composing it are said to be the descendants of the military followers and dependents of Pedda Rajudu, the founder of the Bobbili family, who received a territorial grant in 1652 from Sher Muhammad Khan, the Moghul Fauzdar of Chicacole. It is to this sub-division that Orme refers, when he says [124] that they "esteem themselves the highest blood of Native Indians, next to the Brahmans, equal to the Rajpoots, and support their pre-eminence by the haughtiest observances, insomuch that the breath of a different religion, and even of the meaner Indians, requires ablution; their women never transfer themselves to a second, but burn with the husband of their virginity." The remarriage of widows is forbidden, and women remain gosha (in seclusion), and wear gold or silver bangles on both wrists, unlike those of the Koppala section. The title of members of this sub-division is Dora.