2. Aged 28. Tattooed with a single dot on chin; rings and dots on chest, outer side of upper arms, back of left hand, below calves, above ankles, and across dorsum of feet. Wears thread armlet ornamented with young cowries on right forearm; thread armlet and two heavy ornamental brass armlets on left upper arm; ornamental brass bangle and glass bead bracelet on left wrist; brass ring on left little finger; two steel rings on left ring finger; bead necklet ornamented with cowries. 3. Aged 35. Tattooed like the preceding, with the addition of an elaborate device of rings and dots on the back. 4. Aged 35. Linen bound round elbow joint, to prevent chafing of heavy brass armlets. Cicatrices of sores in front of elbow joint, produced by armlets. 5. Aged 23. Has one child. Tattooed only below calves, and above ankles. The following are the more important physical measurements of the Toda men, whom I have examined:-- Av. Max. Min. cm. cm. cm. Stature 169.8 186.8 157.6 Cephalic length 19.4 20.4 18.2 Do. breadth 14.2 15.2 13.3 Do. index 73.3 81.3 68.7 Nasal height 4.7 4.9 4.6 Do. breadth 3.6 3.8 3.4 Do. index 74.9 79.9 70. Allowing that the cephalic index is a good criterion of racial or tribal purity, the following analysis of the Toda indices is very striking:-- 69 ** 70 ******* 71 *********** 72 ******* 73 ************** [37] 74 ********************* 75 ********* 76 ****** 77 * 78 * 79 * 80 81 * A thing of exceeding joy to the Todas was my Salter's hand-dynamometer, the fame of which spread from mand to mand, and which was circulated among the crowd at funerals. Great was the disgust of the assembled males, on a certain day, when the record of hand-grip for the morning (73 lbs.) was carried off by a big-boned female, who became the unlovely heroine of the moment. The largest English feminine hand-grip, recorded in my laboratory note-book, is only 66 lbs. One Toda man, of fine physique, not satisfied with his grip of 98 lbs., went into training, and fed himself up for a few days. Thus prepared, he returned to accomplish 103 lbs., the result of more skilful manipulation of the machine rather than of a liberal dietary of butter-milk. The routine Toda dietary is said to be made up of the following articles, to which must be added strong drinks purchased at the toddy shops:-- (a) Rice boiled in whey. (b) Rice and jaggery (crude sugar) boiled in water.