8. An early effort to influence public opinion as to the wisdom of
careful policies and critical supervision.
9. The family to be considered the unit of treatment.[114]
10. A substitution of local workers wherever wise, and the use of local
leaders in responsible positions.
11. The publication of a report, including a critical survey of policies
and methods employed, and a discriminating record of the social results
arising therefrom, the mistakes made and other information of value for
future emergencies. This report in justice to contributors to include a
financial statement.
[114] "During the emergency stage of relief the people are dealt with
in large groups with little attention to the special needs of
individuals ... in the rehabilitation stage the family or the
individual becomes the unit of consideration."--(Bicknell, E. P.,
"Disaster Relief and its Problems," _National Conference of Charities
and Corrections_, sess. xxxvi, 1909, p. 12.)
The fourth great service rendered was that of the establishment of
rehabilitation policies and methods. The work of organizing for
rehabilitation, as noted above, did not begin until the sixth day after
the disaster. On the eighteenth of December the first chairman was
appointed. There followed a developmental period during which little
progress was made, save in the familiarizing of committees with the
object of rehabilitation. "The object of rehabilitation" says J. Byron
Deacon "is to assist families to recover from the dislocation induced by
the disaster, and to regain their accustomed social and economic status.
Emergency aid takes into account only present needs; rehabilitation
looks to future welfare."[115] This was the purpose constantly kept in
view. The division of work indicates the nature of the task attempted.
The division provided for an advisor, a chief of staff, a supervisor of
home visitors, a bureau of application and registration, an emergency
department, a department of medical social service and a visitor in
children's work. Later a children's sub-committee was included.
[115] Deacon, J. Byron, _Disasters_ (N. Y., 1918), ch. v, p. 137.
There was first the record and registration made and verified of all the
sufferers and those in need. Over six thousand names of registrants
resulted. Five districts or divisional areas were arranged for
convenience and thoroughness of administration. One of these covered all
cases outside of the city itself.[116] In charge of each district was a
supervisor, and under the supervisor the various department heads.
Trained workers were drawn into the service and their work and that of
the volunteer visitors was directed by capable supervisors. The
administration of relief was put upon a discriminating "case system."
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