A third great contribution of social service was that of education in the principles of disaster relief. It was the problem of getting the idea of social conservation understood and established in a community which had not given the subject any thought, and which was quite unfamiliar with the ideals and purposes in view. This was the cause of much delaying of plans, overlapping in giving relief, and giving without substantial inquiry. It explained also the reason for the abundant criticism which arose. When criticism came there was, consequently, no well-informed body of public opinion to which to anchor the committee's work. Educational effort on this subject may be said to have begun with a masterful presentation of the nature of rehabitation at the meeting of the managing committee six days after the disaster. Here was set forth and illustrated the kind of service required and the desirability of such work was at once recognized and inaugurated. Thus the idea of rehabilitation filtered through to the various departments. Trained leaders imparted it to the untrained volunteers. Church, school and club caught something of its spirit and one of the permanent social results of the disaster remains in the partial socialization of institutions. It was this original absence of socialization, this lack of understanding of the true nature of disaster psychology and of the accepted methods of relief that at first made the community so utterly dependent upon the visiting social workers. It may be safely concluded as a fundamental principle that the self-dependence of a community in adversity is furthered by the socialization of existing institutions. The principles of disaster relief cover three stages, first, that of the emergency period; second, that of the period of transition; and third, that of rehabilitation. These principles in order of application may be thus briefly summarized: 1. The coordination of all the relief agencies arising, into one central relief service. 2. The directing of relief funds from all sources to one bonded finance committee. 3. The establishment of a temporary committee only, at first,--the more permanent organization to await the counsel of specialists in disaster relief, an early call having been sent for experienced workers. 4. The avoidance of, or the early abolition of mass treatment, _e. g._ bread lines, food depots, _etc._, as detrimental to a psychology of helpfulness and as calculated to delay a return to self-support. 5. The issuing of orders for supplies on local merchants to follow mass-provisioning. 6. The establishment of a policy of renewable cash grants for short periods until temporary aid is discontinued. 7. Continuance of relief upon a temporary basis until all claimants are registered and the aggregate of available aid ascertained, and the needs, resources and potentialities of self-help studied.