“_Case 2._--A laborer fell from the front platform of a car at Harlem, and had his right foot crushed by one of the wheels. An ordinary bandage was placed on the limb without any compress over the vessels. In bringing the man to the hospital, the rough jolting of the carriage set the wound bleeding, and by the time he reached his destination he was apparently lifeless. The vessels were tied and stimulants administered, but he never rallied. Death occurred six hours after his admission. His injuries, independent of the bleeding, might indeed have terminated his life; still the chances would have been in his favor if a compress had been applied to the limb to prevent bleeding. The fact that such a thing was not done shows either culpable negligence or deplorable ignorance.” Many similar cases constantly occur where a little intelligent timely action of those present would save the life of an injured person, who without such help must die before professional surgical aid can be obtained. QUESTION 543. _When it is found that one or more persons are seriously injured, what is the first thing to be done?_ _Answer._ The first thing to do is to extricate the person or persons from the danger, and at the same time send a messenger for a doctor. If it is doubtful if one can be obtained by sending in one direction, send two or more messengers in different directions. QUESTION 544. _To what kind of injuries are locomotive runners and other persons employed or traveling on railroads exposed?_ _Answer._ They are liable to be bruised or crushed in case of collision or running off the track, or of injury from falling off the train, or of being run over by a moving train. Brakemen and others whose duty it is to couple cars are liable to have their hands, arms or bodies crushed between the cars, and locomotive runners are sometimes burned or scalded if an accident happens to their engines. Train-men are also frequently exposed to very great cold in winter and heat in summer, and are thus liable to be frost-bitten or sun-struck. Passengers are seldom injured excepting through their own carelessness, unless in cases of collision or running off the track and the destruction of the cars. Strangers and even railroad employes are frequently run over by trains while walking on the track, and frequent accidents occur to deaf people in this way, and it is not very unusual to hear of train-men who sit on the main track at night while their trains are waiting on the side-track for another train to pass, go to sleep while in that position, and then are run over by the passing train. QUESTION 545. _When persons are crushed or dangerously wounded, what are the chief immediate sources of danger and death when their wounds are not necessarily fatal?_ _Answer._ First, excessive bleeding in case an artery is ruptured; second, the shock to the whole system, from which the sufferer may not have the strength to recover.