The typical pioneer's home has been described as a log house on sloping ground, on the brow of a hill, facing and overlooking the level meadow land, from which a path led up to its front door, which was about in the middle of the front of the house. Small high windows are on either side of it. Directly opposite the front is the back door, larger, wider and level with the ground. It opens against the sloping ground so that wood may be carried or rolled in or that the huge back log--the foundation for the fire--may be drawn in by a horse for the great wide fireplace which fills up one end of the single room--the "fire room"--the general living room. Across the ends of the house, logs surround the great stone chimney and are morticed in with the side logs. Between and around these clay and earth fill in the crevices. Before the days when leaded window glass was first imported from England, thick oiled paper formed their semi-opaque windows. Sun-dials and hour glasses marked the time. The ceilings were low, the stairs were short and steep. Ladders led to sleeping rooms above. The small cellars contained family supplies to supplement the food furnished by hunting and fishing, in which the Indian residents joined most willingly. Indian trails widened to foot paths, as every one walked. Later travel by horseback was the custom, and pack horses carried their baggage, food and household effects--canoes and boats were of some service. For light, a bundle of yellow pine knots was burned in a corner of the large fireplace. This "candle wood" would be fastened there between flat stones. Later oil obtained from different sources was burned, as also tallow in betty lamps or brown bettys (shallow pewter or metal dishes two or three inches in diameter with projecting nose over which the wick hangs). Phoebe lamps were similar but had a second shallow saucer to catch the drip. Later candles were made by dipping, afterwards by moulds. The pale brittle green bayberry candles from the taller shrub or candleberry tree gave most fragrant odor, while later, the brighter better light of the spermaceti candles was of service. In the latter part of the 17th century, during the active lives of the second and third generations, the lands of the patent were allotted to individual ownership. The several owners then built substantial stone houses at nearby points in the valley. The "Gumaer stone house" of the present day was built. The "Cuddeback stone house," now standing, near the log house by the highway, near a small run of water just south of Port Clinton and about one mile due north of pioneers knoll, was built by Jacob Caudebec and his sons. This has been occupied by six generations of the Cuddeback family. It is still firm and substantial and a comfortable home. The Swartwout's possessed Seneyaghquan.