_Sorex moschatus._ _S. vulgaris._ _Talpa Europæa._ _Trogontherium Cuvieri._ _Castor fiber._ _Ursus spelæus._ _U. arvernensis._ _Canis lupus._ _C. vulpes._ _Machairodus._ _Cervus megaceros._ _C. capreolus._ _C. elaphus._ _Cervus Polignacus._ _C. carnutorum._ _C. verticornis._ _C. Sedgwickii._ _Bos primigenius._ _Hippopotamus major._ _Sus scrofa._ _Equus caballus._ _Rhinoceros etruscus._ _R. megarhinus._ _Elephas meridionalis._ _E. antiquus._ _E. primigenius._ From the examination of this list, the peculiar mixture of pleiocene and pleistocene species is evident. The _Ursus arvernensis_, _Cervus Polignacus_, _Hippopotamus major_, _Rhinoceros etruscus_, and _R. megarhinus_, the horse, _Elephas meridionalis_, and _E. antiquus_ were living in the pleiocene age in France and Italy, and probably in Norfolk. The cave-bear, the wolf, fox, mole, beaver, Irish elk, roe, stag, urus, wild-boar, and the mammoth have not as yet been discovered in the continental pleiocenes, as judged by the standards offered by the Val d’Arno and Southern France. They are more or less abundant in the late pleistocene age. This singular association seems to me to imply that the fauna of the forest-bed is intermediate between the two, and, from the fact that only three out of the whole series, viz. _Ursus arvernensis_, _Rhinoceros etruscus_, and _Cervus Polignacus_, are peculiar to the continental pleiocene, that it is more closely allied to the pleistocene than to the pleiocene. It is also very probable that this early pleistocene age was of considerable duration; for in it we find at least two forms (and the number will probably be very largely increased) which are unknown in continental Europe, although pleiocene and pleistocene strata have been diligently examined in France and Germany. The very presence of the _Cervus Sedgwickii_ and _C. verticornis_ implies that the lapse of time was sufficiently great to allow of the evolution of forms of animal life hitherto unknown, and which disappeared before the middle and late pleistocene stages. The _Trogontherium_ also, as well as the _Cervus carnutorum_, both of which occur in the forest-bed and in the gravel-beds of St. Prest, near Chartres, and which are peculiar to this horizon, point to the same conclusion. The deer of the forest-bed, in this list, do not represent approximately the number of species: there are at least five, and perhaps six, represented by a series of antlers, which I do not venture to quote, because I have not been able to compare them with those of the pleiocenes of the Val d’Arno, of Marseilles, or of Auvergne.