Dr. Falconer pointed out that one of the peculiar characters of the fauna of the forest-bed is the presence of the mammoth; and the evidence on which he considered the animal to be of preglacial age in Europe has been fully verified by the molars from Bacton, which are now in the Manchester Museum. They are associated with _Elephas meridionalis_ and _E. antiquus_, and are incrusted with precisely the same matrix as the teeth and bones of those species. No caves have been discovered containing this peculiar assemblage of fossil animals. _The Pleiocene Mammalia._ The relation of the pleistocene to the pleiocene fauna is a question of very great difficulty, because the latter has not yet been satisfactorily defined, although Prof. Gervais and Dr. Falconer have given the more important species from Auvergne, Montpellier, and the Val d’Arno. The following list is taken from Prof. Gervais’s great work “Zoologie et Paléontologie Françaises,” p. 349, the term pseudo-pleiocene merely implying that the fauna differs from that of the marine deposit of Montpellier, which he takes as his standard. _Pseudo-pleiocene of Issoire._ _Hystrix refossa._ _Castor issiodorensis._ _Arctomys antiqua._ _Arvicola robustus._ _Cervus pardinensis._ _C. arvernensis._ _C. causanus._ _Sus arvernensis. Lepus Lacosti._ _Mastodon arvernensis._ _Tapirus arvernensis._ _Rhinoceros elatus?_ _Bos elatus._ _Cervus polycladus._ _C. ardens._ _C. cladocerus._ _C. issiodorensis._ _C. Perrieri._ _C. etueriarum._ _Ursus arvernensis._ _Canis borbonidus._ _Felis pardinensis._ _F. arvernensis._ _F. brevirostris._ _F. issiodorensis._ _Machairodus cultridens._ _Hyæna arvernensis._ _H. Perrieri._ _Lutra Bravardi._ To these animals Dr. Falconer[269] adds _Hippopotamus major_, _Elephas antiquus_, and _Rhinoceros megarhinus_, and he identifies _Rhinoceros elatus_ with his new species _Rhinoceros etruscus_. Prof. Gaudry agrees with me in the belief that _Hyæna Perrieri_ is identical with _H. striata_ or the striped species. Prof. Gervais also identifies the _Equus robustus_ of M. Pomel, from the same locality, with the common Horse, _Equus fossilis_. The fauna of Montpellier is certainly very different from that of Issoire; but since it is neither meiocene nor pleistocene, it must belong to one of the intermediate stages of the pleiocene. It includes _Semnopithecus monspessulanus._ _Macacus priscus._ _Chalicomys sigmodus._ _Lagomys loxodus._ _Mastodon brevirostris._ _Rhinoceros megarhinus._ _Tapirus minor._ _Antilope Cordieri._ _A. hastata._ _Cervus Cuvieri._ _C. australis._ _Sus provincialis._ _Hyænodon insignis._ _Hyæna ----?_ _Machairodus._ _Felis Christolii._ _Lutra affinis._