Magellan--His early history--His disappointment--His change of nationality--Preparations for the expedition--Rio de Janeiro-- St. Julian's Bay--Revolt of a part of the squadron--Terrible punishment of the guilty--Magellan's Strait--Patagonia--The Pacific--The Ladrone Islands--Zebu and the Philippine Islands-- Death of Magellan--Borneo--The Moluccas and their Productions-- Separation of the _Trinidad_ and _Victoria_--Return to Europe by the Cape of Good Hope--Last misadventures . . . . . . . . . . . 279 CHAPTER III. THE POLAR EXPEDITIONS AND THE SEARCH FOR THE NORTH-WEST PASSAGE. I. The Northmen--Eric the Red--The Zenos--John Cabot--Cortereal-- Sebastian Cabot--Willoughby--Chancellor . . . . . . . . . . . . 307 II. John Verrazzano--Jacques Cartier and his three voyages to Canada--The town of Hochelaga--Tobacco--The scurvy--Voyage of Roberval--Martin Frobisher and his voyages--John Davis--Barentz and Heemskerke--Spitzbergen--Winter season at Nova Zembla-- Return to Europe--Relics of the Expedition . . . . . . . . . . . 334 CHAPTER IV. VOYAGES OF ADVENTURE AND PRIVATEERING WARFARE. Drake--Cavendish--De Noort--Walter Raleigh . . . . . . . . . . . 362 CHAPTER V. MISSIONARIES AND SETTLERS. MERCHANTS AND TOURISTS. I. Distinguishing characteristics of the Seventeenth Century--The more thorough exploration of regions previously discovered--To the thirst for gold succeeds Apostolic zeal--Italian Missionaries in Congo--Portuguese Missionaries in Abyssinia--Brue in Senegal and Flacourt in Madagascar--The Apostles of India, of Indo-China, and of Japan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 381 II. The Dutch in the Spice Islands--Lemaire and Schouten--Tasman-- Mendana--Queiros and Torres--Pyrard de Laval--Pietro della Valle--Tavernier--Thevenot--Bernier--Robert Knox--Chardin--De Bruyn--Kaempfer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 387 CHAPTER VI. I. THE GREAT CORSAIR. William Dampier; or a Sea-King of the Seventeenth Century . . . 409 II. THE POLE AND AMERICA. Hudson and Baffin--Champlain and La Sale--The English upon the coast of the Atlantic--The Spaniards in South America--Summary of the information acquired at the close of the 17th century-- The measure of the terrestrial degree--Progress of cartography-- Inauguration of Mathematical Geography . . . . . . . . . . . . . 415 [Illustration: THE EXPLORATION OF THE WORLD. PART I.] CHAPTER I. CELEBRATED TRAVELLERS BEFORE THE CHRISTIAN ERA. HANNO, 505; HERODOTUS, 484; PYTHEAS, 340; NEARCHUS, 326; EUDOXUS, 146; CAESAR, 100; STRABO, 50.