Voyage by Captain Marchand--The Marquesas--Discovery of Nouka-Hiva--Manners and Customs of the people--Revolution Islands--The American Coast and Tchinkitane Port--Cox's Straits--Stay in the Sandwich Islands--Macao--Deception--Return to France--Discoveries by Bass and Flinders upon the Australian coast--Expedition under Captain Baudin--Endracht and De Witt Lands--Stay at Timor--Survey of Van Diemen's land--Separation of the _Geographe_ and _Naturaliste_--Stay at Port Jackson--The Convicts--Pastoral riches of New South Wales--Return of the _Naturaliste_ to France--Cruises by the _Geographe_ and _Casuarina_ to Nuyts, Edels, Endracht and De Witt Lands--Second Stay at Timor--Return to France . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 294 CHAPTER II. AFRICAN EXPLORERS. Shaw in Algeria and Tunis--Hornemann in the Fezzan--Adanson in Senegal--Houghton in Senegambia--Mungo Park and his two journeys to the Djoliba or Niger--Sego and Timbuctoo--Sparmann and Le Vaillant at the Cape, at Natal, and in the interior--Lacerda at Mozambique and Cazembe--Bruce in Abyssinia--The Sources of the Blue Nile--Tzana Lake--Browne's Voyage in Darfur . . . . . . . . 320 CHAPTER III. ASIA AND ITS INHABITANTS. Tartary according to Witzen--China according to the Jesuits and Du Halde--Macartney in China--Stay at Chu-Sang--Arrival in Nankin-- Negotiations--Reception of the Embassy by the Emperor--Fetes and ceremonies at Zhe Hol--Return to Pekin, and Europe--Volney-- Choiseul Gouffier--Le Chevalier in the Troade--Olivier in Persia--A semi-Asiatic country--Russia according to Pallas . . . 361 CHAPTER IV. THE TWO AMERICAS. The Western Coast of America--Juan de Fuca and De Fonte--The three voyages of Behring and Vancouver--The exploration of the Straits of De Fuca--Survey of the Archipelago of New Georgia and a portion of the American Coast--Exploration of the interior of America--Samuel Hearn--Discovery of the Coppermine River-- Mackenzie, and the river named after him--Fraser River--Journey of Humboldt and De Bonpland--Teneriffe--Guachero cavern--The "Llanos"--The electric eels--The Amazon, Negro, and Orinoco rivers--The earth-eaters--Results of the journey--Humboldt's second journey--The Volcanitos, or Little Volcanoes--The cascade at Tequendama--The bridges of Icononzo--Crossing the Quindiu on men's backs--Quito and the Pinchincha--Ascent of Chimborazo--The Andes--Lima--The transit of Mercury--Exploration of Mexico-- Mexico--Puebla and Cofre de Perote--Return to Europe . . . . . . 380 PART I. CHAPTER I. I. ASTRONOMERS AND CARTOGRAPHERS. Cassini--Picard and La Hire--The arc of the Meridian and the Map of France--G. Delisle and D'Anville--The Shape of the Earth--Maupertuis in Lapland--Condamine at the Equator.