Produced by Ron Swanson. (This file was produced from images generously made available by The Internet Archive/Canadian Libraries.) CELEBRATED TRAVELS AND TRAVELLERS. THE GREAT EXPLORERS OF THE NINETEENTH CENTURY. LONDON: GILBERT AND RIVINGTON, PRINTERS, ST. JOHN'S SQUARE. [Frontispiece: Map of the work which had to be done in the 19th Century. _Grave par E. Morieu 23, r. de Brea Paris._] CELEBRATED TRAVELS AND TRAVELLERS. THE GREAT EXPLORERS OF THE NINETEENTH CENTURY. BY JULES VERNE. TRANSLATED BY N. D'ANVERS, AUTHOR OF "HEROES OF NORTH AFRICAN DISCOVERY," "HEROES OF SOUTH AFRICAN DISCOVERY," ETC. WITH 51 ORIGINAL DRAWINGS BY LEON BENETT, AND 57 FAC-SIMILES FROM EARLY MSS. AND MAPS BY MATTHIS AND MORIEU. [Illustration: Ship sailing near icebergs.] London: SAMPSON LOW, MARSTON, SEARLE, & RIVINGTON, CROWN BUILDINGS, 188, FLEET STREET. 1881. [_All rights reserved_.] TO DR. G. G. GARDINER, _I Dedicate this Translation_ WITH SINCERE AND GRATEFUL ESTEEM. N. D'ANVERS. HENDON, _Christmas, 1880_. TRANSLATOR'S NOTE. In offering the present volume to the English public, the Translator wishes to thank the Rev. Andrew Carter for the very great assistance given by him in tracing all quotations from English, German, and other authors to the original sources, and for his untiring aid in the verification of disputed spellings, &c. THE GREAT EXPLORERS OF THE 19TH CENTURY. LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS AND MAPS REPRODUCED IN FAC-SIMILE FROM THE ORIGINAL DOCUMENTS, GIVING THE SOURCES WHENCE THEY ARE DERIVED. PART THE FIRST. PAGE Map of the work which had to be done in the 19th Century _Frontispiece_ Jerusalem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Map of Egypt, Nubia, and part of Arabia _To face woodcut of Jerusalem_ Portrait of Burckhardt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 "Here is thy grave" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Merchant of Jeddah . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 Shores and boats of the Red Sea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Map of English India and part of Persia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 Bridge of rope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 "They were seated according to age" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 Beluchistan warriors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 "A troop of bayaderes came in" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 Afghan costumes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 Persian costumes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 "Two soldiers held me" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 "Fifteen Ossetes accompanied me" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 "He beheld the Missouri" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 Warrior of Java . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65