He buried his dead in long barrows, chambered cairns, and dolmens. Cremation was not practised, and it was usual to inter a large number of bodies in a chamber constructed of huge stones. Such was the aboriginal inhabitant with whom the first Celtic invader had to contend. I say _first_ Celtic invader advisedly, for there was a second Celtic invasion at a later period. The vanguard of the Celtic conquerors are called by Prof. J. Rhys, in his _Celtic Britain_ (p. 3), “Goidels,” to distinguish them from the “Brythons,” who constituted the second set of invaders. The modern representatives of the Goidels are the Gaelic-speaking population of the Highlands of Scotland, Ireland, and the Isle of Man; whilst the descendants of the Brythons now inhabit Wales, Cornwall, and Brittany. At the time of the Roman occupation the Brythonic tribes inhabited the whole of England with the exception of the districts now occupied by Cumberland, Westmoreland, Devon, and Cornwall. The most important of these Brythonic tribes were the Brigantes and Parisi of Yorkshire, the Catuvelauni of the Midland Counties, the Eceni of the eastern counties, the Attrebates of the Thames Valley, and the Belgæ, Regni, and Cantion in the south. The south of Scotland was in possession of the Dumnoni and Otadini, who were Brythons, as were also the Ordovices of Central Wales. The Ivernians still held their own in the north of Scotland. The remainder of Great Britain was inhabited either by pure Goidels or by Goidels who had mixed their blood with the Ivernian aborigines. As Prof. J. Rhys has pointed out in his _Celtic Britain_ (p. 211), the soundest distinction between the Goidels and the Brythons rests on a peculiarity of pronunciation in their respective languages. In the corresponding words in each language where the Brythons use the letter P, the Goidels use Qv. Hence they have been termed the “P and Q Celts.” The most familiar instance of this is where the Welsh use the word _ap_ to mean _son of_, and the Gaels use _mac_. The older form of _mac_ found on the Ogam-inscribed monuments of Ireland, Scotland, Wales, and the West of England is _maqvi_, as in the bi-literal and bi-lingual inscribed stone at St. Dogmael’s, in Pembrokeshire, where the Latin “SAGRANI FILI CVNOTAMI” has as an equivalent in Ogams “SAGRAMNI MAQVI CYNATAMI.” In modern Welsh _map_, or _mab_, has been shortened by dropping the _m_, and in Gaelic the _v_ of _maqvi_ has been dropped, and the _q_ made into _c_. So much for the philological differences between the Goidel and the Brython. They can also be distinguished archæologically, the former as being in the Bronze Age stage of culture, and the latter in the Early Iron Age when he arrived in Britain. In a subsequent chapter we shall have to deal with the Brythonic Celt, but at present we are concerned exclusively with the Goidel.