Celtic art in Pagan and Christian times — John Shaqi
Celtic art in Pagan and Christian timesAllen, J. Romilly (John Romilly)
Philosophy
Celtic art in Pagan and Christian times
Allen, J. Romilly (John Romilly)
Art, Celtic
Sometimes slabs of stone sculptured with cup-marks, cups and rings, and
spirals, have been found associated with Bronze Age burials, although
not forming parts of a cist. One of the most remarkable discoveries
of this kind was made at Old Parks,[86] near Kirk Oswald, Cumberland.
In 1894 a barrow composed of loose stones, 80 feet in diameter and 4
feet high, was opened by the late Chancellor R. S. Ferguson, F.S.A.,
and when the mound was removed a row of five slabs fixed upright in
the ground was disclosed. The stones were in a line pointing north
and south, cutting the site of the mound into two halves, and three
of them are sculptured with spirals. As many as thirty-two deposits
of burnt bones were found in holes scooped out of the natural surface
of the ground, together with two ornamented urns of incense-cup form,
fragments of several other urns, and a necklace of cannel-coal beads.
[84] _Ibid._, vol. vi., _Appendix_, p. 27.
[85] _Ibid._, vol. xxix., p. 190.
[86] _Cumb. and West. Ant. Soc. Trans._, vol. xiii., p. 389.
A slab of stone sculptured with spirals and concentric circles was
found in 1883 on Lilburn Hill[87] Farm near Wooler, Northumberland,
associated with seven deposits of burnt bones buried in small circular
pits.
Stones sculptured with cups, or cups and rings, have been found either
as cover-stones of urns or associated with burials in round barrows at
the following places:—
NORTHUMBERLAND. Ingoe.
Black Hedon.
Kirk Whelpington.
CUMBERLAND. Maughanby.
YORKSHIRE. Kilburn.
Ayton Moor.
Claughton Moor.
Wykeham Moor.
DERBYSHIRE. Elkstone.
Sheen.
STAFFORDSHIRE. Stanton.
DORSETSHIRE. Came Down.
SUTHERLANDSHIRE. Dornoch Links.
ABERDEENSHIRE. Greenloan, Cabrach.
A link between the art of the Bronze Age in Britain and the art of
Mycenæ is afforded by a rock-sculpture at Ilkley,[88] Yorkshire, which
takes the form of a curved swastika. It belongs to a peculiar class of
patterns composed of winding bands and small bosses or dots, of which
there are numerous examples in the Scandinavian[89] and Mycenæan[90]
metalwork. Perhaps some of the Late-Celtic designs, in which the
arrangement of the long sweeping =S-= and =C-=shaped curves is governed
by the position of circular bosses they connect, may be descended
from the winding-band patterns of the Mycenæan period. For instance,
the designs on the enamelled handles of the bowl found at Barlaston,
Staffordshire, and on the Ilkley rock-sculpture have obvious points in
common, both being founded on the curved swastika.
[87] _Archæol. Æliana_, ser. 2, vol. x., p. 220.
[88] _Jour. Brit. Archæol. Assoc._, vol. xxxv., p. 18.
[89] A. P. Madsen’s _Antiquités préhistoriques du Danemark_.
[90] Schlieman’s _Mycenæ_, pp. 166, 167, 169, 264, and 265.
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