1283. Assembly of the baronage of the whole kingdom at 496 Scone, on 5th February, to regulate the succession A.D. 1285-6. Death of Alexander the Third 496 Conclusion 497 APPENDIX. Remains of the Pictish Language 501 ILLUSTRATIVE MAPS. Map showing mountain chains _to face page_ 8 The five Ebudæ of Ptolemy compared with the ” 68 islands south of Ardnamurchan Point The four Kingdoms ” 228 The Kingdom of Alban ” 340 The Kingdom of Scotia ” 396 Feudal Scotland ” 496 INTRODUCTION. [Sidenote: Name of Scotia, or Scotland.] The name of Scotia, or Scotland, whether in its Latin or its Saxon form, was not applied to any part of the territory forming the modern kingdom of Scotland till towards the end of the tenth century. Prior to that period it was comprised in the general appellation of Britannia, or Britain, by which the whole island was designated in contradistinction to that of Hibernia, or Ireland. That part of the island of Britain which is situated to the north of the Firths of Forth and Clyde seems indeed to have been known to the Romans as early as the first century by the distinctive name of Caledonia,[1] and it also appears to have borne from an early period another appellation, the Celtic form of which was Albu, Alba, or Alban,[2] and its Latin form Albania. The name of Scotia, however, was exclusively appropriated to the island of Ireland, which was emphatically Scotia, the ‘patria,’ or mother country, of the Scots;[3] and although a colony of that people had established themselves as early as the beginning of the sixth century in the western districts of Scotland, it was not till the tenth century that any part of the present country of Scotland came to be known under that name, nor did it extend over the whole of those districts which formed the later kingdom of the Scots till after the twelfth century. [Sidenote: Ancient extent of the kingdom.]