Reeves, ‘that these _Colidei_ were the officiating clergy of the cathedral church of St. Peter’s at York in 946, and that they discharged the double function of divine service and eleemosynary entertainment;’[460] in other words, they were canon clerics, and the name _Colidei_ is merely an inversion of that of _Deicolæ_. Those of Canterbury we find called in a charter by King Ethelred, in 1006, _cultores clerici_, or cleric God-worshippers, the word _Dei_ being evidently implied.[461] [Sidenote: Anchoretical life in Ireland and Scotland.] In the early Monastic Church of Ireland, this tendency to prefer a solitary life, as a higher form of the religious life, developed itself at a very early period. It seems to have assumed two different aspects. One when the abbot or one of the brethren of the monastery retired for a time to a separate cell, for solitary prayer, or for penitential exercises, during which time he held no intercourse with the other inmates of the monasteries. The cells adopted for this purpose were usually those primitive dwellings called by the Irish _Clochans_, built of unmortared stone, with walls of great thickness, circular in shape, with a dome-shaped roof, somewhat of a beehive form, and hence often called beehive cells. When used for such retirement they were called _Carcair_, or prison cells. Thus, in an old poem attributed to Cuimin of Coindeire, he says of Enda, who founded the monastery on the principal of the Arann Isles:— Enda of the high piety loved In Ara, victory with sweetness, A _carcair_ of hard narrow stone, To bring all unto heaven.[462] Of Ultan of Arbreccan he says— Ultan loves his children; A _carcair_ for his lean side, And a bath in cold water In the sharp wind he loved.[463] Of Molaissi of Devenish he says— Molaissi of the lake loves To be in a _carcair_ of hard stone.[464]