Awcht hundyr wyntyr and fyftene Fra God tuk fleysch off Mary schene, Leo and Charlys bath ware dede, And Lowys than in Charlys stede. The kyng off Peychtis Constantyne Be Tay than foundyd Dwnkeldyne, A place solempne cathedrale, Dowyd welle in temporalle. The byschape and chanownys thare Serẅys God and Saynct Colme, seculare, Off oure byschoprykis, off renowne The thryd, and reputatyowne.[504] The date assigned by Wyntoun to the foundation of Dunkeld is probably correct, and those religious men who Mylne says were popularly called Keledei, Wyntoun here calls ‘chanownys seculare.’ [Sidenote: Conclusion as to origin of the Culdees.] The result, then, that we have arrived at is that the Culdees originally sprang from that ascetic order who adopted a solitary service of God in an isolated cell as the highest form of religious life, and who were termed _Deicolæ_; that they then became associated in communities of anchorites, or hermits; that they were clerics, and might be called monks, but only in the sense in which anchorites were monks; that they made their appearance in the eastern districts of Scotland at the same time as the secular clergy were introduced, and succeeded the Columban monks who had been driven across the great mountain range of Drumalban, the western frontier of the Pictish kingdom; and that they were finally brought under the canonical rule along with the secular clergy, retaining, however, to some extent the nomenclature of the monastery, until at length the name of _Keledeus_, or Culdee, became almost synonymous with that of secular canon. ----- Footnote 431: The latest and ablest supporter of the view that the Columban monks were the Culdees is Ebrard, in his _Culdeische Kirche_. He rightly gives, as the correct form of the name in Irish, _Ceile De_, and properly explains _Ceile_ as meaning ‘Socius,’ but entirely fails in his attempt to connect the name with the Columban Church. He finds the word _Ceile_ in the Irish name of St. Columba, Coluim _cille_, which he says should be Coluim _ceile_, or the Culdee, and that the name of _Urbs Coludi_, given by Bede to Coldingham, means the town of the Culdees. This is etymology of the same kind as that which makes Kirkcaldy, the old form of which is Kyrc-aldyn, to mean the church of the Culdees. Footnote 432: The legend of Bonifacius is printed in the _Chronicles of the Picts and Scots_, p. 421. Footnote 433: Reeves’s _British Culdees_, p 45. Dr. Reeves remarks that, if Rosmicbairend has been written for _Rosmbaircind_, the name would be pronounced Rosmarkyn. Footnote 434: Wynton’s _Chronicle_, B. v. c. xiii., in series of _Scottish Historians_, vol. ii. p. 58. Footnote 435: Bishop Forbes’s _Calendar of Scottish Saints_, p. 336.