which pertains to the said lands.’[298] We have seen that the _Feachtmara_ or sea expedition of each tribe in ancient Dalriada was attached to each twenty houses, corresponding to the twenty penny lands which formed the davach in the west, showing very clearly that even at this early period the Davach was the measure of land by which this burden was regulated. Such, then, were the burdens connected with the ancient tribal organisation as depicted in the Irish and Welsh Laws which we find still attached to the thanages, as well as to all the crown and church lands not held on a feudal tenure. They consisted of, first, a share of the produce of the land and the stock, of the personal services of certain of the tenants, and of various fines, which were all included in the general term of _Cain_; secondly, of rights of entertainment and support for a certain number of nights in the year, under the name of _Coinmhedha_ or _Coneveth_, _Cuidoidhche_ or _Cuddechie_, _Waytinga_, _Sorren_, and _Fachalos_, and assessed on homesteads or penny lands in the west, twenty of which made a davach; and on Carucates or ploughlands in the east, four of which constituted the davach; thirdly, of the _Feacht_ or expedition,—the burden of joining in expeditions within the kingdom or territory; and fourthly, of the _Sluaged_ or Scottish service of hosting,—that is, the burden of attending the king’s army or host when assembled for the defence of the kingdom or for hostile invasion; and of all these burdens the various grades connected with the land had their _Cuid_ or share in definite proportions. [Sidenote: Assimilation to feudal forms.] These old Celtic tenures, however, became gradually more and more assimilated to feudal forms as the kingdom with its mixed population assumed more the aspect of a feudal monarchy, and its kings adapted the customs of their subjects of different race to the model of those of the feudal law. In this progress of adaptation we can trace two distinct stages,—one when the crown lands came to be considered as held upon a distinct tenure termed in England fee-farm, in Scotland feu-farm, and in Latin charters _feodifirma_; and again, when the War of Independence which followed on the death of the last of the kings of the race of Malcolm Ceannmor and the contest between the houses of Bruce and Baliol led to numerous confiscations of the land held by their partisans on both sides, and to the general conversion of the crown grants into feudal tenures for military service. [Sidenote: Tenure in feu-farm.]