There were in Lennox, Buchanans, _M‘Cawlis_ or Macaulays, and Galbraiths; Grahames in Monteith; Stewarts in Atholl, Lorne, and Balquhidder; Menzieses, Fergusons, Spaldings, and MacIntoshes in Atholl; Farquharsons in Braemar; MacPhersons in Strathnairn; Grants in Strathspey; Frasers in the Aird; Rosses and Monros in Ross; and Neilsons in Sutherland. These surnames were of three kinds. There were first names which had a Gaelic form, as Macaulay and Macpherson; or the English equivalent of a Gaelic form, as Farquharson, Ferguson, etc.; secondly, those who had assumed a territorial name, or whose name bore that appearance, as the Buchanans, who likewise bore the name of _Macaustelan_, and took the former designation from their lands, Grants, Rosses, and Monroes; and thirdly, those which were foreign names and of foreign descent, but who had become so assimilated to the Gaelic people as to be identified with them in language, custom, and spirit of clanship, as the Stewarts, Frasers, Menzieses, Spaldings, etc., who had been long settled in the Highlands. The system of nomenclature, therefore, which characterised the clans and the surnames of Gaelic origin was one entirely based upon the personal name, and was in no respect territorial; but we find, on examination, that the personal names used by the Gaelic people were of different kinds, and constituted upon different principles. The earliest personal names used by the different branches of the Celtic people appear to have been formed in the same manner, and resemble each other in their structure. On analysing those both of the Cymric and the Gaelic people, we can see that they are compounded of two monosyllables, a certain number of which is used to form the first half of the name and a different set of monosyllables annexed as a termination, and these are combined with each other in every variety of form. The initial syllables are more numerous than the terminal, and it will only be necessary to specify a few to illustrate the formation of these names. Thus in Welsh, _Ael_, _Aer_, _Arth_, _Cad_, and _Cyn_ are common initial syllables; and _Teyrn_, _March_, _Gwyr_, and _Gwys_ common terminations. These form in combination the names _Aelgyvarch_, _Cadvarch_, _Cynvarch_, _Aerdeyrn_, _Cyndeyrn_, _Arthwyl_, _Cynwys_, etc. So in Gaelic _Aen_, _Art_, _Con_, _Dun_, _Dubh_, _Fear_, _Fin_, and _Gorm_ are common initial syllables; and _Gal_[465] and _Gus_, common terminations, and from them are formed _Aengal_, _Artgal_, _Congal_, _Dungal_, _Dubhgal_, _Feargal_, _Fingal_, _Gormgal_, and _Aengus_, _Congus_, _Feargus_, etc. Similar forms existed among the Pictish names, as in _Ungust_, _Urgust_, _Urgart_, _Dergart_, _Gartnaidh_, etc.; and besides the Pictish forms which are analogous to the Irish, we find such Pictish names as _Neachtain_, _Fingaine_, etc., occurring in the Highland Genealogies.