Transcriber’s Notes: Underscores “_” before and after a word or phrase indicate _italics_ in the original text. Equal signs “=” before and after a word or phrase indicate =bold= in the original text. Small capitals have been converted to SOLID capitals. Illustrations have been moved so they do not break up paragraphs. Typographical errors have been silently corrected. The three advertisements at the beginning of the book have been moved in front of the thirteen advertisements at the back of the book. CENTRAL-STATION ELECTRIC LIGHTING WITH NOTES ON THE METHODS USED FOR THE DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRICITY. BY KILLINGWORTH HEDGES, MEMBER OF THE INSTITUTION OF CIVIL ENGINEERS, AND OF THE SOCIETY OF TELEGRAPH ENGINEERS AND ELECTRICIANS. [Illustration] LONDON: E. & F. N. SPON, 125, STRAND. NEW YORK: 12, CORTLANDT STREET. [_All rights reserved._] PREFACE. The art of lighting by Electricity practically dates from ten years ago, and it has during that period received the constant attention of both Electrical Engineers and others, who have applied the greatest scientific knowledge. The result of all this energy appears to be discouraging. Five hundred thousand pounds have been subscribed to carry on the business, and it is doubtful whether the companies which survive have a market value of one-tenth of that sum. The experience may have been bought too dearly, but the era of Central-Station Electric Lighting, which has now commenced, ought to re-establish the position of Electricity in financial circles, and afford a safe and profitable outlet for the surplus capital of the investor who buys gas and water shares to pay four per cent. The distribution of electricity from a central-station, which was the subject of Sir William Siemen’s Presidential Address at the Society of Arts in 1882, is not only accomplished from the scientific point of view, but is also a commercial success: the power of flowing water, or the potential energy stored up in coal, wood, or other fuel, can be utilised for lighting our streets and houses at night, and during the day may be transmitted by means of electricity in the easiest possible way, and supplant the gas-engine for driving small machinery.