Central-Station Electric Lighting: With Notes on the Methods Used for the Distribution of ElectricityHedges, Killingworth
History
Central-Station Electric Lighting: With Notes on the Methods Used for the Distribution of Electricity
Hedges, Killingworth
Electric light plants -- Europe
The Kensington Court installation has been previously quoted as an
example of what promises to be one of the most successful methods
of distributing a constant supply of electricity through a large
area, a description of the station may therefore be interesting. The
accompanying elevation, Fig. 25,[5] shows the unpretending design
of the building, and the very compact arrangement of the generating
machinery and batteries. When the illustration was made the plant
consisted of one Willan’s single-crank triple-expansion engine in
combination with a Crompton dynamo provided with vertical inverted
single magnets, the output being 250 ampères at 140 volts when running
at 500 revolutions per minute, the steam pressure being 160 lbs. on the
square inch. A complete duplicate plant has already been installed, and
three more sets of engines and dynamos are shortly to be erected. The
draught from the boiler is led downwards by an underground flue, with
the object of economising the very limited space as much as possible.
As a rule, the dynamo and accumulators are used in parallel, the
current enters and leaves the regulating cells by the same contact,
in other words, there is only one switch which serves for charging
and discharging the batteries. This switch has nine contacts, so as
to give nine degrees of regulation of the light; when the dynamo and
accumulators are working together, the lights are parallel with either
41, 42, or 43 cells, according to the amount of charge in the cells and
current required, while, when the dynamo is out of circuit, the lights
are worked off, 50, 51, 52, or 53 cells. The current passes through the
usual measuring instruments, and each main conductor is protected by
safety fuses mounted in a Hedges duplex cut-out. The accumulators are
of the Planté type, but instead of being plain lead are sawn out of
ingots which are cast porous on the Howell process. Each cell contains
35 plates, 8 in. × 8 in., and, as each plate when fully formed is said
to be capable of yielding five ampère-hours per pound of lead, the cell
has about 600 ampère-hours total capacity. In the event of a serious
breakdown the whole of the work would fall on the accumulators, which
could furnish a steady current for perhaps an hour or more; and herein
lies the novelty of the arrangement. For the first time we have an
accumulator put in not only as a fly-wheel to the whole system and
to give the advantage of supplying current throughout the day and
the small hours when the engine is not running, but also to act as
an actual reserve. The routine is as follows:—the dynamo will start
charging the accumulators a few hours before dusk; for a short time
after lighting hours commence, the dynamo alone will supply sufficient
current, but later on the demand will gain on the dynamo, and a certain
portion of the discharge will be from the accumulators. At eleven
o’clock at night the engine will be stopped and the accumulators will
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