NAEGELI: Investigations Regarding Vegetable Physiology. BÜCHNER: Kraft und Stoff (Force and Matter). FARADAY: Magnetic Philosophy. _Discovery of Hot-air Engine, of Bessemer Steel, and of Aniline-violet._ WALT WHITMAN: Leaves of Grass. 1856. _Discovery of the Annular Kiln, of the Regenerative Gas Furnace, and of the Mercurial Air-pump._ J. VON LIEBIG: Theory and Practice of Agriculture. LE PLAY: Les Ouvriers Européens. THE FOUR CLASSICAL YEARS OF POSITIVISM, 1857–1860. 1857. BUNSEN: Exact Methods for the Analysis of Gases. MOREL: Traité des Dégénérescences. MARX: Materialist Conception of History. BUCKLE: History of Civilization. TOCQUEVILLE: La Révolution et l’Ancien Régime. FLAUBERT: Madame Bovary. 1858. VIRCHOW: Cellularpathologie. M. SCHIFF: Lehrbuch der Physiologie. 1859. KIRCHHOFF und BUNSEN: Spectrum Analysis. DARWIN: Origin of Species. J. S. MILL: On Liberty. _Discovery of the Telephone, the Ice Machine, and the Azo Colouring Matters._ 1860. FECHNER: Psyohophysik. BOUCHER DE PERTHES: De l’Homme Antédiluvien et de ses Œuvres. BOUCHER DE PERTHES: Discovery of the Gas Engine. SEMPER: Der Stil. AFTER-EFFECTS, 1861–1865. 1861. BACHOFEN: Das Mutterrecht (Matriarchy). GRIESINGER: Pathology of Mental Disorders. SCHLEICHER: Grammatik der indogermanischen Sprachen. MANET: Frühstück im Grünen. DOSTOIEFFSKY: Raskolnikow. FONTANE: Wanderungen durch die Mark. _Liberation of Serfs in Russia._ 1862. HERBERT SPENCER: First Principles. IBSEN: The Comedy of Love. TOURGUENEFF: Fathers and Sons. _Construction of Pacific Railway._ _Lincoln’s Emancipation Proclamation._ _Bismarck’s Realpolitik (Blood and Iron)._ 1863. HUXLEY: Man’s Place in Nature. LYELL: Antiquity of Man. HUGGINS: Spectra of Fixed Stars and Nebulæ. BROCA: Sur le Siège, le Diagnostic et la Nature de l’Aphémie. PASTEUR: Theory of Fermentation. RENAN: Vie de Jésus. WUNDT: Vorlesungen über die Menschen und Tierseele. 1864. LOMBROSO: Genio e follia. A. WAGNER: The Reign of Law in the Apparently Voluntary Actions of Human Beings. LASSALLE: Bastiat-Schultze. DE GONCOURT: Renée Mauperin. ZOLA: Confession de Claude. TOLSTOY: War and Peace. 1865. MEYNERT: Anatomy of the Cerebral Cortex and its Relations to the Sensory Surface of the Body. LUBBOCK: Prehistoric Times. LOMBROSO: Aliénations Mentales Étudiées par la Méthode Expérimentale. HAECKEL: Generelle Morphologie. VON LIEBIG: Induktion und Deduktion. CANNIZZARO: L’ emancipazione della ragione.