Nabonidus, last king of Babylon, discovers Naram-sin's cylinder, 213; discovers Hammurabi's cylinder at Larsam, 218-219. Namtar, the Demon of Pestilence, 156, 157; incantation against, 167; Minister of Allat, Queen of the Dead, 328, 329. Nana, Chaldean goddess, her statue restored by Asshurbanipal, 195, 343-344; wife of Anu, 245. Nannar, see Uru-Ki. Naram-Sin, son of Sargon I. of Agade; his cylinder discovered by Nabonidus, 213. Nations, gradual formation of, 125-126. Nebbi-Yunus, Mound of, its sacredness, 11; its size, 49. Nebo, or Nabu, the god of the planet Mercury, 242; one of the "twelve great gods," 246. Nebuchadnezzar, king of Babylon; his palace, now Mound of Kasr, 42; his inscription of Borsippa, 72. Nedjif, see Kerbela. Nergal, the god of the planet Mars, and of War, 242; one of the "twelve great gods," 246. Niffer, see Nippur. Nimrod, dams on the Euphrates attributed to, by the Arabs, 5; his name preserved, and many ruins called by it, 11; gigantic head declared by the Arabs to be the head of, 22-24. Nimrud, Mound of, Layard undertakes the exploration of, 17. Nin-dar, the nightly sun, 175. Nineveh, greatness and utter destruction of, 1; ruins of, seen by Xenophon, called by him Mespila, 3; site of, opposite Mossul, 11. Nin-ge, see Nin-ki-gal. Ninib, or Nineb, the god of the planet Saturn, 241; one of the "twelve great gods," 246. Nin-ki-gal, or Nin-ge, "the Lady of the Abyss," 157. Nippur (now Niffer), city of Accad, 216. Nizir, Mount, the mountain on which Hasisadra's ship stood still, 301; land and Mount, 316 Noah and his three sons, 130. Nod, land of ("Land of Exile," or "of Wanderings"), 129. Nomads, meaning of the word, and causes of nomadic life in modern times, 118. O. Oannes, legend of, told by Berosus, 185. Oasis, meaning of the word, 118. P. Palaces, their imposing aspect, 54; palace of Sennacherib restored by Fergusson, 56; ornamentation of palaces, 58; winged Bulls and Lions at gateways of, 58; sculptured slabs along the walls of, 58-60; painted tiles used for the friezes of, 60-62; proportions of halls, 63; roofing of, 62-66; lighting of, 66-68. Papyrus, ancient writing material, 94. Paradise, Chaldean legend of, see Sacred Tree and Ziggurat. Meaning of the word, 277. Parallel between the Book of Genesis and the Chaldean legends, 350-360. Pastoral life, second stage of culture, 120; necessarily nomadic, 121. Patesis, meaning of the word, 203; first form of royalty in Chaldean cities, ib., 235. Patriarchal authority, first form of government, 123; the tribe, or enlarged family, first form of the State, 123.