Penitential Psalms, Chaldean, 177-179. Persian Gulf, flatness and marshiness of the region around, 7; reached further inland than now, 201. Persians, rule in Asia, 2; the war between two royal brothers, 2; Persian monarchy conquered by Alexander, 4; not named in Genesis X., 134. Platforms, artificial, 46-49. Polytheism, meaning of the word, 237; tendency to, of the Hebrews, combated by their leaders, 345-350. Priesthood, Chaldean, causes of its power and influence, 233-234. R. Races, Nations, and Tribes represented in antiquity under the name of a man, an ancestor, 130-134; black race and yellow race omitted from the list in Genesis X., 134-142; probable reasons for the omission, 135, 140. Raman, third god of the second Babylonian Triad, his attributions, 240-241; one of the "twelve great gods," 246. Rassam, Hormuzd, explorer, 247, 248. Rawlinson, Sir Henry, his work at the British Museum, 152. Religion of the Shumiro-Accads the most primitive in the world, 148; characteristics of Turanian religions, 180, 181; definition of, as distinguished from Mythology, 331-334. Religiosity, distinctively human characteristic, 148; its awakening and development, 149-152. Rich, the first explorer, 13; his disappointment at Mossul, 14. S. Sabattuv, the Babylonian and Assyrian "Sabbath," 256. Sabeism, the worship of the heavenly bodies, a Semitic form of religion, 232; fostered by a pastoral and nomadic life, ib. Sabitu, one of the maidens in the magic grove, 311. Sacred Tree, sacredness of the Symbol, 268; its conventional appearance on sculptures and cylinders, 268-270; its signification, 272-274; its connection with the legend of Paradise, 274-276. Sargon of Agade, see Sharrukin. Sarzec, E. de, French explorer; his great find at Tell-Loh, 88-90; statues found by him, 214. Scorpion-men, the Warders of the Sun, 311. Schrader, Eberhard, eminent Assyriologist, favors the Semitic theory, 186. Semites (more correctly Shemites), one of the three great races given in Genesis X.; named from its eponymous ancestor, Shem, 131. Semitic language, 199; culture, the beginning of historical times in Chaldea, 202, 203. Sennacherib, king of Assyria, his palace at Koyunjik, 34; Fergusson's restoration of his palace, 56; his "Will" in the library of Nineveh, 109. Senkereh, see Larsam. Sepharvaim, see Sippar. Seth (more correctly Sheth), third son of Adam, 131. Shamash, the Sun-god, second god of the Second Babylonian Triad, 240; one of the "twelve great gods," 246; his temple at Sippar discovered by H. Rassam, 247, 248. Shamhatu ("Grace"), one of the handmaidens of Ishtar, 305.