1. Roses are of many kinds and many colours. Most of them are sweet-scented. Some rose-bushes do not grow very high. Others grow up as high as our houses. 2. Roses have thorns on their stems. Wild roses have many thorns. Wild roses are small--have only five leaves--but they are very pretty. 3. When they die they leave berries, called hips, which make good food for the birds in winter. There are seeds in them. _Write and learn:_ The rose has-- A sweet scent. Sharp thorns on its stem. Soft, smooth leaves. The rose is-- Sometimes white. Sometimes yellow. Sometimes red. The wild rose-- Grows in hedges. Has five leaves. Has berries called 'hips.' WOOD. [_Page 111._ 1. Wood seems to be almost as useful as iron. Hundreds of years ago, houses were built of wood. All the houses in London were. There is much wood in our houses now. 2. There are many kinds of wood--each comes from a different tree. Oak is a very hard wood. Pine is softer. Willow is very soft; its thin branches will bend easily. It is used for making baskets. 3. When the trunk of a tree is sawn into planks we can see the grain or marks in it. Some are very prettily marked. Oak and walnut are. Wood can be highly polished. _Write and learn:_ Wood grows-- In most countries. In forests. Plentifully. Wood is-- Very useful. Mostly hard. Grained. Wood is used for-- Building purposes. Furniture. Fires. COAL. [_Page 113._ 1. Coal is dug out of the earth. Coal and iron are found together. But coal is not a metal as iron is. It will not melt. We call it a mineral. 2. It is found in many parts of the world. There is a very large quantity in our own country. 3. It is a black, shiny, opaque, and brittle mineral. Men have to go deep down into the earth, into mines, to get it. They are in great danger. 4. Coals were once forests, which sank lower and lower into the earth hundreds and thousands of years ago. They became mixed with other things, and in time were changed to coal. We can see the grain in some of the coal, as we see it in wood. _Write and learn:_ Coal is-- A Mineral. Black. Opaque. Brittle. Coal is-- Buried forests. Got from mines. Heavy. Grained. Coal is used for-- Fuel. Smelting metals. Making gas. Making tar. FIRE. [_Page 119._ 1. Fire is useful but dangerous. A spark from it might set a house on fire. We ought to be very careful about it. Children should never play with fire. 2. It is so useful that we should not be able to have many things we have, if we had no fire. 3. When England was covered with forests, hundreds of years ago, people used to have fires of wood, instead of coal. Wood-fires are not so smoky as those made of coal, but they are not so hot. _Write and learn:_ Fire is-- Useful. Dangerous. A good servant. A bad master.