Chambers's Journal of Popular Literature, Science, and Art, Fifth Series, No. 8, Vol. I, February 23, 1884Various
Science
Chambers's Journal of Popular Literature, Science, and Art, Fifth Series, No. 8, Vol. I, February 23, 1884
Various
Periodicals
As we have on a previous occasion hinted, the principle of ensilage
has, after a manner, been applied for some years to fruit by the
jam-makers. In years of plenty, fruit is reduced to pulp, and can in
this state, if the air is carefully excluded, be made to keep well
until a time of scarcity occurs. Large quantities of apricot pulp finds
its way to this country from France, and realises a good price. In
America, a clever plan of rapid drying and evaporation of the watery
parts of fruit has come into vogue, and this industry gives employment
to many workers. A stove constructed for the purpose costs about
fifteen pounds. It is portable, and is used in many districts far from
towns where there is not a ready market for fresh fruit. As the water
slowly evaporates, the acid and starch in the fruit undergo a chemical
change, and grape-sugar is formed. When placed in water, these dried
fruits once more swell up to their original volume, and are in every
respect like fresh fruit, only that they require, when cooked, but
half the usual quantity of added sugar. All kinds of vegetables can be
preserved by this process.
A correspondent of the _Times_, writing from Iceland, gives some
interesting particulars of the present condition of that island. At
Reykiavik, its chief town, nothing was known of the reported volcanic
disturbances in the interior of the island; but this is hardly to
be wondered at, because a large portion of that area is occupied by
snow-covered mountains and glaciers which the natives never visit, and
which, it may be said, are never explored save by enterprising and
adventurous tourists. Professor Tromholt is in Iceland, pursuing his
researches on the aurora borealis, the frequency and brilliancy of
which, coupled with the exceeding clearness of the atmosphere, give him
every advantage. A large portion of Iceland still remains unexplored;
and its mineral resources, if we except the large quantities of
sulphur which are being worked by an English Company, are but slightly
developed. There is still room for a brisk trade in coal, borax,
copper, &c., which are abundant on the island. Besides these products,
the fisheries of Iceland are most prolific; and although fish and its
belongings form two-thirds of the total exports, it is believed that
they offer a promising field for the further employment of capital.
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