Chambers's Journal of Popular Literature, Science, and Art, Fifth Series, No. 22, Vol. I, May 31, 1884Various
History
Chambers's Journal of Popular Literature, Science, and Art, Fifth Series, No. 22, Vol. I, May 31, 1884
Various
Periodicals
A new motor, called a ‘Triple Thermic Motor,’ has, it is said,
been in use in New York for the past seven months driving a sixty
horse-power engine. Heat is generated by a fifteen horse-power boiler,
and the steam thus raised is carried to a receptacle containing
carbon disulphide, which passes into vapour at one hundred and
eighteen degrees Fahrenheit. An engineer, in reporting upon this
new contrivance, says that the fifteen horse-power boiler with very
little fire under it generates steam, which operates the motor, which
in turn runs the sixty horse-power engine. These seem to be all the
particulars published; and it would be interesting to have details of
the motor, if it be really as successful as reported. There are one or
two difficulties to surmount in the employment of carbon disulphide.
It has a most disagreeable and penetrating odour; its vapour is highly
inflammable; and lastly, it is by no means cheap.
Some interesting particulars of the American lead-pencil trade have
recently been published. With the improved machinery now in use, it
is possible for ten men to turn out four thousand pencils a day. The
cedar comes from Florida in slabs cut to pencil-length. Four parallel
grooves are sawn in each little slab, each groove being destined to
hold the lead, or rather graphite. The so-called leads are kept in hot
glue, and after being inserted in the grooves, are covered over with
a thin slab of cedar, also glued; then the whole is passed through a
moulding-machine, and comes out at the other side in the form of four
finished pencils. The graphite is mixed with a variable amount of white
clay—the greater the proportion of clay the harder the pencil—and is
ground with moisture into a paste. The paste is pressed into dies, and
is baked at a high temperature.
The recent outbreak of smallpox in London reminds us that we have
not yet succeeded in stamping out this loathsome disease, although
the practice of vaccination has checked it to a wonderful extent.
Anti-vaccination agitators are very fond of pointing to the
circumstance that many persons who have been apparently successfully
vaccinated in childhood are in after-years attacked with smallpox.
This is perfectly true; and statistics are available which show that
in the years between 1871 and 1881 nearly eighteen thousand such
cases were treated in the London hospitals. But the popular agitator
abstains from pointing out that in ninety per cent. of these cases the
sufferers were above ten years of age. These figures prove, in fact,
what has been long ago acknowledged, that vaccination does not afford
permanent protection. When a child reaches adult age, revaccination
should take place. In our smallpox hospitals, the nurses and attendants
enjoy complete immunity from infection by taking care to adopt this
precaution; and all persons, for the general good of the community at
large, would do well to submit to the trifling inconvenience which the
operation entails.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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