Under these circumstances restraint of a mild kind is still practised, but we look forward to its abolition, except, perhaps, in some extraordinary cases, so far as pauper patients are concerned, when the provisions of the Act for the establishment of county asylums shall have been carried into effect. In the best-conducted county asylums it is now seldom (and in a few establishments never) resorted to."[184] At this period, the actual number of lunatics returned to the Commissioners was only 18,814, but they estimated the number under some kind of care, in England and Wales, at 26,516. There were-- -----------------------------------+----------+---------+---------- Location. | Private. | Pauper. | Total. -----------------------------------+----------+---------+---------- In county asylums, hospitals, and | | | licensed houses | 3,574 | 9,652 | 13,226 | | | Bethlem, and in naval and military | | | hospitals not subjected to | | | visitation of Commissioners | 606 | -- | 606 | | | Poor-law unions; placed under | | | local Acts | -- | 8,986 | 8,986 | | | Gilbert's unions, and other places | | | not in union | -- | 176 | 176 | | | Single patients found lunatic by | | | inquisition | 307 | | 307 | | | Ditto in private houses with | | | persons receiving profit | 130 | -- | 130 | | | Excess of pauper patients in | | | workhouses, etc., estimated by | | | visiting Commissioners as at | | | least one-third over the number | | | number returned by parish | | | officers | -- | 3,053 | 3,053 | | | Criminals in jails | -- | 32 | 32 +----------+---------+---------- Total | 4,617 | 21,899 | 26,516 -----------------------------------+----------+---------+---------- The number of patients found lunatic by inquisition was 542; their incomes amounting to £280,000. In 1839 the corresponding numbers were 494 and £277,991.