The estimated annual amount expended at this time for maintenance of lunatics, or administered on their behalf, exceeded £750,000, thus distributed: 1. Cost of 9652 paupers in asylums, estimated at 8s. per week £200,762 2. Ditto of 8986 paupers in workhouses, etc., and 173 in parishes not in union (9159), estimated at 3s. per week 71,440 3. Ditto of excess of 3053 paupers over the number returned by the parish officer 23,813 4. Ditto of 3574 private patients in asylums, etc., at an average of 20s. per week 173,628 5. Income of 542 private patients found lunatic by inquisition 280,000 6. Cost of 606 patients in Bethlem and the naval and military hospitals, estimated at 10s. per week 50,756 7. Ditto of 120 other single patients taken charge of in separate houses at £100 a year 12,000 8. Thirty-two criminals in jails, estimated at 3s. per week 249 -------- Total £777,648 Adding the expense of maintaining many families cast upon the parish in consequence of the patient's insanity, and the expense of supporting many called imbecile, and the interest of large sums invested in public establishments, the Commissioners estimated the actual amount as little less than £1,000,000. In the same Report the Commissioners observe "that they have found that, with some exceptions, the patients have apparently been humanely, and sometimes very judiciously treated. There is no reason to apprehend that the lunatic patient is now often subjected to cruelty or ill-treatment.... The massive bars, and rings, and chains of iron formerly resorted to are no longer seen. Any continued coercion is not permitted. The name of every patient under restraint and in seclusion, and the means by which such seclusion is effected, are recorded every week in a journal. Thus the safeguards against lunatic patients being subjected to harsh or unnecessary restraint from the cruelty, idleness, or caprice of their attendants, have been multiplied, and the chances of abuse reduced to a small amount." The number of lunatics placed under mechanical restraint in licensed houses in this year is given in the following table, it being premised that wherever the number is not specified, "it may be assumed either that there was no patient then under restraint, or that the number was so small, and the restraint so trivial, as not to be deemed worthy of special remark."[185]