As regards private asylums, there were forty-four per cent. of the private patients in England and Wales cared for in these establishments. The recoveries per cent. in private asylums during the decennial period 1871-1880 were--in the metropolitan division 31.43, and in the provincial 35.11; the annual mortality being, in the metropolitan private asylums 10.93, and in the provincial asylums 8.63. It should be remembered, in contrasting these figures with those of registered hospitals, that a considerable number of pauper patients are still sent to private houses, and it may therefore be said that, so far as difference in social position affects recovery and death, the comparison is not altogether fair. At the same time, it is noteworthy that in the pauper asylums, the percentage of recovery is higher than in the metropolitan and provincial private asylums, and the percentage of mortality lower than in the licensed houses of the metropolis. Numerous general considerations arise from a retrospect of the history which this and the preceding chapter contain, but they will more fitly form a part of a subsequent chapter of this volume, when a sketch of the results achieved by Psychological Medicine will be given, as presented in the author's Presidential Address at University College. FOOTNOTES: [178] "A Lecture on the Management of Lunatic Asylums," etc., by Robert Gardiner Hill. Published April, 1859 (delivered June 21, 1838). (See Appendix H.) [179] Including the wards in the Manchester Hospital. [180] Including thirty male and three female criminal lunatics in jails, according to the Parliamentary return for April, 1843. [181] Exclusive of the lunatic ward of Guy's Hospital. [182] Mr. Gaskell. See p. 209. [183] Summary taken from the Report of the Metropolitan Commissioners, 1844. [184] Second Report of the Commissioners in Lunacy, 1847, p. 224. [185] Page 112. No return is made in regard to the inmates of other asylums. [186] Eighth Report of the Commissioners in Lunacy, p. 43. [187] Exclusive of 226 single patients under commission. [188] Page 35. [189] Act of 1853, ss. 64 and 66. [190] Page 44. [191] For a table showing the cost per head in asylums of various sizes, see Appendix I. [192] Report of Commissioners in Lunacy, 1864. [193] Exclusive of 159 single patients. [194] Office of the Board, 37, Norfolk Street, Strand. [195] Caterham cost a little more, viz., £89 a bed. [196] Page 10. [197] Page 35. [198] Page 43. [199] In the Commissioners' Report of 1871, p. 76, a case is reported in which the jury would not convict a woman who had the charge of a lunatic and admitted that "she strapped the patient once a month at the full of the moon," of ill-usage, although Mr. Justice Willes summed up strongly against her. In another case the Lunacy statute was disregarded, but Baron Martin summed up very leniently, much to the disapproval, not to say the disgust, of the Commissioners. [200] Page 75. [201] Page 81.